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EARLY DETECTION OF CERVICAL CANCER BASED ON HPV INFECTION IN PAP SMEAR USING MORPHOLOGICAL METHOD

Safiya Javed, Raima Kalhoro, Mozna Taplur, Fida Hussain, Shankar Lal Rathi, Usha Isaac

In developing countries cervical cancer is a leading cause of death in females. In more than 90% of cases, these carcinomas are etiologically related to human papilloma virus infection. In developed countries HPV can be easily detected by PCR methods but these methods are very costly and not affordable. The purpose of this study is to found effective, low-cost, less time consuming method in our set up for early detection of cervical cancer. Current study was conducted in Isra university hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Total 100 samples were collected from patients routinely presenting with gynecological problems to the outpatient department. All samples were fixed in alcohol immediately to avoid air drying effect. and were brought to Isra university histopathology laboratory for cytopathological examination. Total 100 Pap smear samples were examined for Cytomorphological changes for cervical malignant changes. Age categories were divided into < 30 years – ≥60 years. Cytoplasmic changes- the Vacuolation, Koilocytosis, Keratohyaline granules and cytoplasmic folding were present in 32, 64, 50 and 52 samples respectively. Koilocytosis was most frequent finding in our samples. Nuclear changes- the Size variation, Multi nucleation, prominent nucleoli and Mild hyperchromasia were present in 64, 66, 48 and 58 samples respectively. Size variation, multi nucleation and hyperchromasia were frequently observations. Cumulative Cytomorphological changes were noted in 90% of study subjects. Conclusion: Various Cytomorphological changes like Vacuolation, Koilocytosis, Keratohyaline granules, cytoplasmic folding and nuclear changes like nuclear size variation, multi nucleation, prominent nucleoli and mild hyperchromasia as markers indicative of HPV infection and may enhance cervical cytology importance. Key Words: Cervical cancer, Screening, Cytology, Papsmear, Human Papilloma Virus.

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