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TITLE:

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KETOROLAC AS AN ANALGESIC FOR CONTROLLING PRIMARY HEADACHE IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS

AUTHORS:

Abdul Rehman, Rohail Arif, Muhammad Waqas

ABSTRACT:

Objective: One of the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) called ketorolac is often used to relieve acute pain. This study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of ketorolac as an analgesic for controlling primary headache in emergency departments. Place and Duration: This study was conducted in the Emergency Medicine department of Services Hospital, Lahore for six duration from November 2019 to April 2020. Methods: In this study, 50 patients with 50 headaches, receiving 60 mg of ketorolac intravenously by slow infusion over approximately 10 minutes, were included in the study. Pain ratings were assessed on arrival as well as 1 hour and 2 hours after infusion of ketorolac using a visual analogue scale (VAS). To assess differences in VAS pain scores, statistical analysis of data collected using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests was performed. Results: The result of study shows decreasing of the VAS more than 3 points from the arrival until 1 hour (P < 0.001), and more than 5 points from the arrival until 2 hours after ketorolac administration (P < 0.001) were seen. Those with history of analgesic use before admission in emergency department in comparison with the others did not accompany with more decline in pain score after 1 hour (P = 0.34) or 2 hours (P = 0.92). Conclusion: Ketorolac appears to be a safe and well-tolerated means of controlling pain in patients with primary headache in emergency departments. Based on the results obtained in this study, ketorolac has a pronounced effect that is even more pronounced within 1 hour after application and 2 hours later. Key words: Ketorolac, Headache, Pain management, Emergency Medicine.

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