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ANTIPSYCHOTICS- CLASSIFICATION, USES, AND ADVERSE EFFECTS

Mohammed Abdulhakim Hamad Al Hattab , Abdulkhaliq Yahya Mansour Alahmari, Maan Ahmed Alsaaid , Batool Abed Mansoor Ahmed , Malak Saleh Abdullah, Khalid Ali Alharbi , Asma Salem Almatrafi , Nouf Al-Abdulmohsin, Waleed Mohammed Mujalli , Nasser Mansour Khawaji

Introduction: Antipsychotic agents are categorized usually as either “typical antipsychotics” or “atypical antipsychotics”. Typical antipsychotic pharmacological agents, which are also called first-generation antipsychotics or traditional antipsychotics, include chlorpromazine and haloperidol. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic pharmacological agents, which are also called second generation antipsychotics, include risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics work in similar mechanisms by inhibiting the activation of specific receptors in the dopamine pathway.Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss the antipsychotics- classification, uses, and adverse effects, Methodology: We did a systematic search for antipsychotics- classification, uses, and adverse effects using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles.Conclusions: The prescription of atypical antipsychotic agents, like quetiapine and olanzapine, has been significantly increasing and in many conditions, they are sometimes prescribed “off-label” – which is a worrying trend due to their possible risk of developing harmful adverse events. Therefore, atypical antipsychotic agents must only be used in their specific indications and with caution, especially among older patients and young adults. Atypical antipsychotic agents can be indicated for schizophrenia treatment and other associated conditions and in some cases to treat the behavioral and psychological manifestations related to dementia (risperidone only). Antipsychotics are not first-line treatments for patients with anxiety and are not generally recommended for the use in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder or insomnia. Key words: antipsychotics, classification, uses, and adverse effects.

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