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EVALUATION OF RECENT UPDATES REGARDING BRONCHIOLITIS MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES

Fatima Mohammed Gasmi, Thuraya Abdullah Hummadi, Zahraa Mansour Moafa, Moumena Esmaail Einieh, Hadeel Khalid A Almejlad, Fatimah Mohammed Al-Nemer, Hummam Abdalshaheed Alsunni, Turky Khalid Alkhathlan, Yousef Ahmed Aljadaan, Saud Hatem Aman, Ahmed Taher Bo Khamseen

Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common viral acute lower respiratory tract infection origin among infants. The disease mostly is self-limited but sometimes the increased severity can cause some serious impact. Unfortunately, clinical trials have failed to establish any specific effective therapy. Objective: A lot of literature have been done in order to provide better outcomes for patients presented with bronchiolitis, in our review we aim to discuss the recent literature that discussed bronchiolitis diagnosis and management. Method: PubMed database were used for articles selection. All relevant articles related to our review were chosen to cover the following topics: Bronchiolitis, Management, Diagnosis and Outcomes. We excluded other articles, which are not related to our objectives. The data have been extracted according to specific form to be reviewed by the authors. Conclusion: The initial signs and symptoms of the infection starts with mucosal inflammation and irritation of the upper respiratory tract like congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing. Wheezing is considered as a cardinal prerequisite for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis. The guidelines recommended the reduction of unnecessary care in diagnosis such as laboratory testing or imaging with exceptions for severe level of the condition. Supportive care is still the mainstay of an evidence-based approach to the disease. It includes suctioning, supplemental oxygen, and hydration. Most of the cases will not require any pharmacological therapy. Moreover, the use of complementary and alternative medicine as alternative or adjunctive therapy has shown only improvement regarding the symptoms. In patients with recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis treatment, montelukast may reduce the frequency of postbronchiolitic wheezing without causing significant side effects.

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