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ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DAMAGE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN PAKISTAN

Muddassir Hassan, Bushra Ali, Muhammad Mairaj Rafiq

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden estimated to affect up to 15% of adult populations and is independently associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) disease risk similar to the risk of diabetes mellitus or coronary heart disease. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the role of cardiovascular damage in chronic kidney disease in local population of Pakistan. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at hospitals of Bahawalpur and Gilgit during 2018 to 2019. The study was conducted according to the rules and regulations of ethical committee. For this purpose we conduct the data from both genders and we select those patient who was suffering from both kidney diseases and some kind of heart issue. The selected patients were studied for further analysis. Results: The demographic values shows that there is a direct relationship of background of the patient and CKD and CVD.The suboptimal performance of current non-invasive tests makes coronary angiography the desirable investigation in high-risk patients. High-risk patients are clinically defined by clinical evidence of actual or past vascular arterial disease, heart failure and previous stroke or myocardial infarction .Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the patient of CKD were also suffering from CVD and they are died due to CVD. Serum biomarkers routinely used in non-CKD population are less useful as they are elevated without evidence of myocardial necrosis.

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