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TITLE:

FLUORIDE CONTENT IN GROUNDWATER AND THE OCCURRENCE OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN LAHORE-PAKISTAN

AUTHORS:

Dr Luqman Siddique, Dr Isma Jahangir, Dr Iraj Iqbal

ABSTRACT:

Aim: The grouping of fluoride in ground drinking water more prominent than the world wellbeing association standard worth forces a genuine wellbeing, social and monetary issue in non-industrial nations. In Lahore-Pakistan where profound wells are the significant wellspring of drinking water, high fluoride level is normal. Despite the fact that numerous epidemiological examinations on fluoride focus and its unfavorable impacts have been directed in the locale, the result is profoundly dissipated and needs deliberately to be summed up for better use. Purpose: This examination is pointed toward assessing the pooled level of fluoride focus in ground drinking water furthermore, the commonness of dental fluorosis among Pakistani fracture valley homes. Methods: Cochrane library, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google researcher information bases were looked for considers announcing the mean convergence of fluoride in ground water and predominance of dental fluorosis in Lahore-Pakistan. Our current research was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from May 2019 to April 2020. Search terms were recognized by extricating key terms from surveys and chose applicable papers and audit clinical subject headings for important terms. Results: The average level of fluoride in groundwater and the commonplace nature of dental fluorosis were pooled from eleven and nine essential examinations conducted individually in the Lahore-Pakistan. The mean pooled fluoride level in groundwater was therefore 7.05 mg/l (96% CI: 5.73-8.73, p < 0.002) and the ubiquity of dental fluorosis in the occupants of the Lahore-Pakistan was 35% (96% CI: 256, 41%, p < 0.002), 28% (96% CI: 23, 39%, p < 0.002) and 26% (96% CI: 19, 33%, p < 0.002) for soft, direct and cut-off dental fluorosis. The overall banality of dental fluorosis is 29% (96% CI:26, 34%, p < 0.002). Conclusion: While the level of fixation is shifting in different parts of the Break Valley District, the degree of fluoride in the ground drinking water is more remarkable than the WHO standard (1.5 mg/l). A moderately significant level of dental fluorosis has also been found in the Pakistani Break Valley. In this way, it is suggested to carry out further examinations regarding temperature, presentation time and other intake patterns with large examples. Intervention activities should be carried out to decrease the clustering of fluoride in the groundwater drinking water source. Keywords: Fluoride Content, Groundwater, Dental Fluorosis, Lahore-Pakistan.

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