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ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY OF HYPOMAGNESAEMIA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

Dr Zulqarnain Ali, Dr Muhammad Usman, Dr Muhammad Tahir Barkat

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a frequent abnormal metabolic entity seen in high-dependency units such as critical care units and in the emergency department. Having an understanding of its pathophysiology, a consequence of absent to low insulin levels, delineates the clinical presentation. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis. Material and methods: This study was conducted in BHV hospital, Bahawalpur during 2018 with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. Two hundred patients that were hospitalized with DKA over a period of 2 years were evaluated clinically and by laboratory tests. Serial assays of serum electrolytes, glucose, and blood pH were performed, and clinical outcome was noted as either discharged to home or death. Although the diagnoses of DKA and HHS can be suspected on clinical grounds, confirmation is based on laboratory tests. Results: The data were collected from 100 patients. The ages of study subjects ranged between 13 to 80 years with a mean±SD of 38.99±18.32 years and a median of 39 years. The majority of patients were younger than 40 years (54.4%) and were male (51.1%). At the final evaluation, a total of 189 patients were discharged (70.0%), while 81 patients were deceased (30.0%). The final outcome was not associated with age (χ2=5.98, P=0.112), although favorable outcome was 23.8% more frequent in the lower age (<40 years) group than the higher age (≥40 years) group. Conclusion: It is concluded that DKA is characterized by a biochemical triad of hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketonemia. It continues to be a life-threatening condition despite improvements in diabetic care. Timely identification and intervention are imperative for adequate treatment.

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