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ESTIMATION OF MAST CELLS IN THE RAT GINGIVA MUCOUS MEMBRANE IN THE NORMAL CONDITION AND UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL ALCOHOL INTOXICATION

Kirtaeva Anastasia Vladislavovna, Gazhva Svetlana Iosifovna

The article investigates the mast cells (histamine, serotonin, catecholamines) in the gingiva structures of 4 groups of rats: group 1 - alcohol dependent, group 2 - alcohol dependent, receiving treatment with cholisal, group 3 - intact rats receiving treatment with cholisal, group 4 – control. An increase of the period of alcoholization up to 3 months in the first study group led to a significant increase of the concentration of histamine in the mucous membrane of epithelial layer (an increase of 6.7 times from 0.28±0.02 to 1.86±0.003 c.u., p<0.001) compared to the underlying layers: the papillary and reticular layers of the mucous membrane lamina propria (3 times in each). This is also confirmed in qualitative terms: with a luminescent-histochemical study, a lemon-yellow and green glow is observed. Catecholamines and serotonin most clearly reflect the inflammation aspect in the mucous membrane deeper layers (lamina propria), the level of which changes 2.5 times in comparison with the control group. It should be noted that no reliably significant changes in the level of serotonin in the lamina propria reticular layer were observed because serotonin is rapidly captured by the terminals of the nervous system that are located in this layer. The differences in serotonin of group 3 and group 4 are also interesting: in the group of intact rats, the serotonin level is 2–3.5 times significantly higher than intact rats receiving preventive treatment with cholisal. We believe that the differences are due to the fact that when eating coarse, solid food, there occur mechanical damage to the oral mucosa of rats, while compensatory defense mechanisms are activated, including the activation of constant opportunistic pathogenic microflora in the oral cavity. Due to the preventive effect of the drug cholisal, the effect of this aspect is neutralized in the 3rd study group. To reduce the level of histamine and bioamines in mast cells and, as a result, to minimize the clinical signs of inflammation in the gingiva, a local application of cholisal, which has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, impacting the key links of pathogenetic processes, is sufficient. Key words: mast cells, bioamines, histamine, alcohol, gingiva, parodont