::INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES::

CODEN : IAJPBB
issn 2349-7750

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TITLE:

PERVASIVENESS OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN IN STOOL SAMPLES OF PATIENTS WITH DIARRHOEA

AUTHORS:

Dr Hafiz Saad Gulzar, Dr Sohaib Khalid, Dr Ayesha Iqbal

ABSTRACT:

TIntroduction: Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacterium that forms spores and produces two main toxins (Tcd A and Tcd B). The disease caused by C. difficile toxin (Tcd) ranges from mild diarrhea to fulminant disease and death. Objectives and tasks: This study describes the prevalence of C.difficile toxins (CDT) in stool samples from in patients and outpatients of all age groups. Place and Duration: In the Pathology and Microbiology department of Jinnah Hospital Lahore for one year duration from March 2019 to March 2020. Material and method: A total of 146 samples were examined for the presence of CDT tests, DNA amplification test, and stool samples were grown anaerobically on CCFA selective medium for growth - morphology, identification and other tests. Patient data is collected from medical records. Results: Of 146 samples, only 20 (13.7%) were positive for C.d toxins. Men and women were 12 (60%) and 8 (40%) respectively, the majority of whom were between 16 and 71 years old. Most of them came from our patient wards (n = 5, 25%), and the rest from intensive care wards (n = 3, 15%), male medical ward (n = 3, 15%) and surgical wards (n = 1.5%). All CDT positive patients had a history of prior antibiotic use prior to toxin detection. The average duration of antibiotic use was 16.75 (± 12.75) days, and the average duration of diarrhea was 4.21 (± 4.85) days, 16 patients suffered from medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, etc.; Fecal pus and occult blood test were positive among 18 patients with a positive CDT result. The hospitalization period was 20.96 (± 16.25) days. Conclusion: - Detection of CDT in the diagnosis of CDI requires vigilance by both the microbiologist and clinician to look for potential infected patients. The use of antibiotics is a known risk factor; therefore, limited use of antibiotics may result in a reduction of CDI. Key words: C. difficile infection (CDI), C. difficile toxins (CDT), C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD)