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DETERMINE THE FREQUENCY AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Imdad Ali Ansari, Tanveer Ahmed Ansari, Azizullah Jalbani, Rehmat Ali Wagon, Jawed Akhtar Samo, Aneel Kumar

Objective: To determine the frequency of cognitive impairment and it associated risk factors in patients presented with systemic lupus erythematosus. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana from 1st July 2018 to 31st December 2019. Methods: Ninety five patients of either gender presented with systemic lupus erythematosus were enrolled in this study. Patients detailed medical history, demographics including age, sex, education level, socioeconomic status and co-morbidities were recorded after taking informed written consent. Frequency of cognitive impairment was examined by Mini-mental state examination. Predictors of cognitive impairment were examined. Results: Seventy five (78.95%) were females while 20 (21.05%) patients were males. Fifteen (15.79%) patients were ages <30 years, 29 (30.53%) had ages 31 to 45 years, 40 (42.11%) were ages 46 to 60 years and 11 (11.58%) had ages >60 years. Cognitive impairment was found in 22 (23.16%) patients. Among 22 cognitive impairment patients 17 (77.27%) had mild cognitive impairment and 5 (22.73%) had dementia. Cardiovascular disease, disease duration, low socio-economic status, and steroids use were the risk factors significantly associated with cognitive impairment (p-value <0.05), Conclusion: The frequency of cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus patients was high. Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, low socio-economic status and hydroxychloroquine were the major risk factors associated with cognitive impairment. Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Cognitive impairment, Cardiovascular disease, Socioeconomic status, Diabetes mellitus, Steroids.