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HYPERTHYROIDISM CAUSES, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT

Mosay Berihu Teclebrhan , Ali Abdulkarim Almuhesseny , Mohammed Seror Bawahal , Ziyad Hamdi Al-Johani , Ghaliah Abdullah Alhaqas , Mohammed Mansour Almutlaq , Noha Gomaan Alghamdi , Afrah Salama Alhowety , Mujahid Abdulrahman Aljohani , Anas Abdulrahman Aljohani

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is a hyper metabolic state due to excessive amounts of thyroid hormone in the circulation. There are several causes and its worst presentation could be a thyroid storm, which is an endocrinal emergency and requires immediate management. Clinically, hyperthyroidism can present vaguely leading to wrong diagnosis and mismanagement. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, management of thyroid storm, anti-thyroid drugs Aim: Our aim in this study is to understand the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism, study its diagnosis, and understand ways of management. Conclusion: Due to its vague presentation, hyperthyroidism can be misdiagnosed and managed incorrectly, leading to life threatening condition known as thyroid storm. Health care physicians must keep a high degree of suspicion in order to provide immediate therapeutic measures to avoid complications as well as death of patient. Keywords: hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, management of thyroid storm, antithyroid drugs, thyroidectomy.

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