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VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF TAAPU FOR ASSESSMENT OF ARTICULATION AND PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN URDU LANGUAGE; A STUDY IN PAKISTAN

Sadaf Noveen, Muhammad Naveed Babur, Zartashia Sabeen, Raheela Khatoon, Qurratulain ,Muhammad Babar Alam

Objective: To determine the validity of the tool named Test for Assessment of Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU) which is used for evaluation of speech sound production ability of bilingual Pakistani Children.Study Design: Validation StudyPlace and duration: The duration of the study was 8 months from March 2016 to October 2016. The study was conducted in speech therapy clinics of Punjab, Baluchistan, KPK and Sindh (in the cities of Lahore, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Sargodha, Quetta, Abbotabad, Peshawar, Karachi). The population of interest was 4-8 years old bilingual children with APD. Methodology: In the study TAAPU was statistically standardized by executing it on bilingual children of the four provinces of Pakistan. Convenience sampling technique was deployed for the collection of data from the four provinces of Pakistan; a sample of 35 was from each province was selected. Primary data was collected from Punjab and KPK provinces by the researcher and data from Baluchistan and Sindh was collected by a local speech therapist on behalf of the researcher. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS- Version 21.0) was used in the study to determine the validity and reliability of TAAPU in all four provinces.Results: Validity of TAAPU was measured using factor analysis that illustrated only 7 factors /p/,/b/ and /m/, /v/ substitution, omission and distortion, had Eigenvalues greater than 1, so these error types were those for which no or least frequent error was received. Further content validity was determined by showing the tool to experts of the field. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability was 0.899 for entire sample of 140. Substantial and almost perfect (0.61-0.80) agreement was found among raters in determination of inter-rater reliabilityConclusion: The data analysis results illustrated that TAAPU is a valid tool for assessment of APD in children who can interact in the Urdu language in Punjab, Baluchistan, Sindh and KPK along with their mother tongue. Key words: TAAPU , Articulation And Phonological Disorder , Validation, Reliability

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