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A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN TYPE2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Dr. Eema Tabassum Saeed, Dr. Hania Aamir, Dr. Irsa Babar

Aim of Study: We carried out this study to evaluate the occurrence rate of depression and its associated factors in patients of diabetes mellitus type 2.Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Time and Duration: This study was conducted in Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital, Lahore for the duration of one year starting from March, 2018 and ended in March, 2019.Methodology: We selected a total number of 110 patients who were suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 with the help of WHO’s statistical calculator. Required confidence level was retained at 95% with 8% of absolute precision and 22.5% estimated patients with disability due to diabetes. Due approval was taken from the ethical committee of the hospital. All selected patients were informed about the study contents briefly and a verbal consent was taken from all of them. All patients were provided into predesigned proforma by the help of which all concerned data was collected. Screening of depression was carried out through Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) scale. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the collected data. Quantitative variables like age etc. were calculated in mean and standard deviation. Qualitative variables like occupation, socioeconomic status, depression and gender were calculated in percentages and frequencies. Association was evaluated via applying chi square test and observed statistically significant association among qualitative variables. Considered the P value of less than 0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Total participants of our study were 110 patients of diabetes among which number of male patients was 20 (18.2%) whereas of female patients was 90 (81.8%). Mood disturbance was observed higher in female patients as compared to the male patients but with the P value of more than 0.769 found no statistically significant difference among the patients. Depression types like mild mood disturbances, borderline clinical depression, moderate depression, severe depression and extreme depression among the patients were as 28.2%, 23.6%, 20.9%, 9.1% and 1.2% respectively. In this study overall depression was observed in 55.5% patients. Ischemic heart disease was there in 26.4% patients and there were 62.7% patients of hypertension whereas, observed obesity in 60% patients of diabetes. We found that depression and hypertension were significantly linked with each other with the P value of more than 0.002.Conclusion: We found a high prevalence rate of depression as 55.5% in our study. Factors observed as in association with depression were hypertension, gender and working status whereas, education was not so much associated with depression in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Factors which cause the depression in patients of diabetes are very necessary to be sorted out so that they can be eliminated. Keywords: Beck's Depression Inventory, Depression, Hypertension, Co-morbid Depression, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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