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PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES ISOLATED FROM HUMANS AND SOME ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES

*Akani, N.P.,Barika P.N. and Nwankwo, C.E.I.

Plesiomonas shigelloides are gram negative bacteria, implicated for numerous gastrointestinal infections such as diarrhoea. They are ubiquitous and have been successfully isolated from human as well as environmental samples. The rise in antibiotic resistance coupled with the increasing role of P. shigelloides in human diseases have made a study of the antibiogram of P. shigelloides important. The present study sought to isolate P. shigelloides from human and environmental samples and perform antibiogram profiling of the isolates. Thirty nine (39) P. shigelloides isolates from human and environmental (water, soil and seafood) samples collected in Port Harcourt were studied using standard microbiological procedures. P. shigelloides was isolated in 5(1.67%) of 300 patients, 24(15.0%) of 160 well-water samples, 8(16.0%) of 50 soil samples and 2(4.0%) of 50 seafood samples with significance difference (p <0.05) in the various sources. In human samples, the susceptibility pattern of P. shigelloides was in the order Nitrofurantoin, Nalidixic acid, Colistin sulphate and Tetracycline (100%) > Co-trimoxazole (80%)>Sulphonamide (60%)> Ampicillin (20%)> Streptomycin (0%). Seafood isolates had a susceptibility pattern in a decreasing order; Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin and Tetracycline (100%) > Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole and Streptomycin (50%) > Streptomycin (0.00%). Soil isolates had a susceptibility pattern in the order; Nalidixic acid and Nitrofurantoin (100%)>Co-trimoxazole and Tetracycline (75%)> Sulphonamide (50%)>Ampicillin and Streptomycin (0.00%). Well-water and soil samples demonstrated a decreasing trend of resistance in the order Nitrofurantoin and Nalidixic acid (100%) > Tetracycline (45.83%)>Colistin-sulphate (41.67%) > Co-trimoxazole (37.5%) > Sulphonamide (29.17%) > Ampicillin (4.17%)>Streptomycin (0.00%). The present study highlight Nalidixic acid and Nitrofurantoin as drugs of choice for treating Plesiomonas infections as they recorded 100 % sensitivity to all isolates studied. Outright resistance was reported against ampicillin in soil samples, with all other antimicrobials recording varying degrees of sensitivity. None of the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin. Overall, human isolates were more sensitive to studied antibiotics compared to the environmental samples. This could be due to various factors leading to antibiotic resistance in the environment. There is a great need for improved environmental practices, precisely proper waste management could reduce incidents of antibiotic resistance. Keywords: Plesiomonas shigelloides; antibiotic resistance; antibiogram, human samples, environmental samples

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