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“INFLUENCE OF SMOKING COMBINED WITH OTHER RISK ON MORTALITY FROM HEART DISEASE AND STROKE”

Dr Sehrish Iqbal, Dr Abru Arshad,Dr Aysha Arif

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for all forms of stroke. While both the general public and the global healthcare system are aware of the vascular risks associated with smoking. Aim: The goal of the present large-scale pooled analysis, called Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts, is to provide reliable information on smoking and the risk of mortality from each subtype of cardiovascular disease. Method: A total of 27,385 male and 39,207 female participants aged 40–89 years were enrolled from 10 well-qualified cohort studies with a mean follow-up of 10.1 years. Hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals in smokers who had hypertension or high serum cholesterol were estimated for men and women separately using a Cox proportional hazards regression model that included age, body mass index, cohort and either serum total cholesterol or systolic blood pressure as covariates. Fractions of deaths attributable to the coexistence of these risk factors were also calculated. Conclusion: Smoking is definitely an undesirable habit that can lead to an increased risk of mortality from both coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. Furthermore, smoking increases the burden of cardiovascular disease due to its high popularity. Particular attention should be given to smokers who have another cardiovascular risk factor, such as hypertension or high serum cholesterol, because the combination of these risk factors substantially increases the mortality risk from coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. Therefore, smokers with a concomitant risk factor should have rigorous counselling for smoking cessation and other lifestyle modifications.

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