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COMPARE THE LEVELS OF THESE MARKERS IN THALASSAEMIA MAJOR, THALASSAEMIA INTERMEDIA AND NORMAL HEALTHY CONTROL

Dr Faiza Khalid, Dr Bushra Ashraf, Samina Ghazanfar

Background: Thalassaemia is an inherited haemoglobinopathy due to quantitative defect of globin chain synthesis. Clinically thalassaemia is divided into thalassaemia major (TM), thalassaemia intermedia (TI), and thalassaemia minor. Different studies provide evidence of increase incidence of thromboembolic events especially in TI. So plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and prothrombin fragment1+2 (F1+2) are supposed to be increased in these individuals. Objective: Compare the levels of these markers in thalassaemia major, thalassaemia intermedia and normal healthy control. Methodology: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted in Thalassaemia Prevention Centre of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and Lahore General Hospital. A total 24 normal healthy population, 24 thalassaemia Major(TM) and 24 thalassaemia intermedia patients participated in the study. Plasma levels of TAT complex and F1+2 were measured of all blood samples. Data was recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of controls was 13.6 ± 8.1 years, and of cases with major and Thalassaemia intermedia was 13.94 ± 8.69 years and 13.64 ± 8.5 years respectively. The mean age was statistically same in all three groups, p-value > 0.05. Among controls and TI groups 11 (45.83%) males and 13 (54.17%) females were included, among cases with thalassaemia major, 14 (58.33%) males and 10 (41.67%) females were included. Mean thrombin-antithrombin complex among controls was 3.4±0.8, among cases with thalassaemia major was 5.0±1.9 and thalassaemia intermedia was 6.4±2.7 with statistically significant mean difference among the study groups (p-value=0.001). Mean prothrombin F1+2among controls was 0.94±.19, among cases with thalassaemia major was 1.10±1.7 and thalassaemia intermedia was 1.36±0.27 with statistically significant mean difference among the study groups (p-value=0.001), with highest values of these markers in TI. Conclusion: A hypercoagulable state was established in thalassaemia major and intermedia as compared to control group revealed by higher levels of TAT and F1+2 in both thalassaemia groups. While the mean Thrombin-antithrombin complex (ng/ml) and mean Prothrombin F1+2 (nmol/L) levels were highest in TI with p-value < 0.05. Keywords: Thalassaemia major, thalassaemia Intermedia, plasma levels, thrombin-antithrombin complex, Prothrombin fragment1+2 (F1+2)

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