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STRESS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

Mariam Eid Alanzi, Ahmed .M.Okashah, Salah Mohammed El Sayed, Nusaybah Eid Alanazi

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a group of medical diseases that are characterized by the presence of insulin insensitivity and/or a failure of pancreatic secretion of insulin to make up for this. Diabetes mellitus type 2 it is usually clinically diagnosed following the detection of increased plasma glucose concentrations, which are usually detected in association with increased weight and other metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia as well as endothelial and cardiovascular diseases. The etiologies of diabetes mellitus type 2 are linked to lifestyle or genetics, both of which have been involved to varying degrees to explain racial disparities in diabetes mellitus type 2 prevalence and outcomes. There is solid evidence in the medical literature that shows the importance of conventional (non-psychosocial) predisposing factors for diabetes mellitus type 2. However, despite interventions which are based on these conventional predisposing factors, the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2continues to increase. Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss stress and its relation to diabetes type 2. Methodology: We did a systematic search for Stress and Type 2 diabetes using pubmed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles. Conclusions: This review gives solid evidence to support the proposal that stress-related factors are an important cause of diabetes mellitus type 2 independent of behavioral factors. This review proposes that diabetes mellitus type 2 prevention research would be more effective if (a) the PSR response to psychosocial factors (especially social disparities) was recognized and (b) intervention programs assessed reduction in social disparities as part of a comprehensive approach. Research in this area could be advanced by reframing the research questions for existing datasets or designing new longitudinal studies. Key words: Stress, Type 2 diabetes, Review, physiologic stress response, socioeconomic status, health inequalities, prospective studies.

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