Volume : 11, Issue : 08, August – 2024
Title:
MINAMATA DISEASE: A REVIEW
Authors :
Niyati Chintaman Pawar, Gouri Vijay Chavan, Ajit Mohan Patil, Pavankumar Wankhade
Abstract :
Humans that consume fish or shellfish polluted with Methylmercury (MeHg) from chemical plant discharges are susceptible to the poisoning known as Minamata disease (Chisso Co. Ltd.). It was found in May 1956 in Minamata City, on Kyushu Island in southwest Japan. Minamata Bay’s marine products showed elevated mercury pollution levels (5.61 to 35.7 ppm). High concentrations of mercury (maximum 705 ppm) were found in the hair of patients, their relatives, and locals living around the Shiranui Sea coast. The following are typical signs of Minamata disease: ataxia, dysarthria, narrowing of the visual field, auditory problems, tremor, and sensory disturbances (glove and stocking type).
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Pavankumar Wankhade et al., Minamata Disease: A Review., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2024; 11 (08).
Number of Downloads : 10
References:
1. Kitamura S, Miyata C, Tomita M, et al. A central nervous system disease of unknown cause that occurred in the Minamata region: results of an epidemiological study. JEpidemiol. 2020;30(1):3-11. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20190173
2. WNYC. Mercury: how it made cats dance.
3. Kessler R. The Minamata Convention on Mercury: a first step toward protecting future generations. EnvironHealthPerspect. 2013;121(10):A304-A309. doi:10.1289/ehp.121-A304
4. Yorifuji T. Lessons from an early-stage epidemiological study of Minamata disease. JEpidemiol. 2020;30(1):12-14. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20190089
5. Yokoyama H. Mercury Pollution in Minamata. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2018. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7392-2
6. Japan, Ministry of the Environment. Lessons from Minamata disease and mercury management in Japan.
7. Matsumoto H, Koya G, Takeuchi T. FetalMinamata disease: A neuropathological study of two cases if intrauterine intoxication by methylmercury compound. J Neuropath Exper Neurol. 1965; 24:563–574.
8. Minamata Disease: Methylmercury Poisoning in Japan Caused by Environmental Pollution -(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7734058)
9. Evaluation of Mercury Exposure Level, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment for Mercury Intoxication -(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724159/)
10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9437807/
11. Nishimura H, Okamoto T.The Science of MinamataDisease(in Japanese). Tokyo: Nihon HyoronshaCo.,Ltd., 2001.
12. Takeuchi T, EtoK.The Pathology of MinamataDisease. A Tragic Story of Water Pollution(ed. collabo-ration by Nakayama H, Sumiyoshi A). Fukuoka:Kyushu University Press Inc., 1999.
13. Eto K, Yasutake A, Kuwana Tet al. Mercury poisoningin common marmosets – a study of selective vulner-ability within the cerebral cortex.Toxicol Pathol2001;5: 565–573.
14. Eto K, Yasutake Y, Korogi Yet al. Methylmercurypoisoning in common marmosets – MRI findings andperipheral nerve lesions.Toxicol Pathol2001;6: 723–734.
15. Hunter D, Russell DS. Focal cerebral and cerebellaratrophy in a human subject due to organic mercurycompounds.JNeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry1954;17:235–241.
16. Eto K. Pathology of Minamatadisease.Toxicol Pathol1997;6: 614–623.
17. Takeuchi T. Pathology of Minamata disease. In:Kutsuna M, ed.Minamata Disease. Kumamoto: Kuma-moto Shuhan Publishing Co, 1968; 141–256.
18. Eto K, Tokunaga H, NagashimaKet al. An autopsycase on Minamata disease (Methylmercury poisoning)– pathological viewpoints of peripheral nerves.ToxicolPathol2001;6: 714–722.
19. Takeuchi T, Eto N, Eto K. Neuropathology of child-hood cases of methylmercury poisoning (Minamatadisease) with prolonged symptoms, with particular ref-erence to the decortication syndrome.Neurotoxicology1979;1: 1–20.
20. EtoK,OyanagiS,Itai Yet al. A fetal type of Minamatadisease–An autopsy case report with special referenceto the nervous system.MolChem Neuropathol1992;16: 171–186.
21. ^ a b Official government figure as of March 2001. See “Minamata Disease: The History and Measures, ch2”
22. ^a b See “Minamata Disease Archives” Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Frequently asked questions, Question 6
23. ^ See “Mercury poisoning of thousands confirmed” by Jonathan Watts, TheGuardian, 16 October 2001, retrieved 24 October 2006.
24. ^ Kawamura, Hiroki (2017). “The relation between law and technology in Japan: liability for technology-related mass damage in the cases of Minamata disease, asbestos, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster”. ContemporaryJapan. 30 (1): 3–27. doi:10.1080/18692729.2018.1423459. S2CID159882741.
25. ^ See “Ten Things to Know about Minamata Disease” Archived2012-07-25 at the Wayback Machine by Soshisha – The Supporting Center for Minamata Disease
26. ^ Williams, C. (1998) Environmental Victims: New Risks new Injustice. London Earthscan.
27. ^”National Institute ForMinamata Disease”. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
28. ^”WHO Collaborating Centres Global database”. WorldHealthOrganisation. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
29. ^”Espacenet Patent search”. European Patent Office. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
30. ^a b Kapur, Nick (2018). Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 272. ISBN 9780674988484.
31. ^”Environmental Protection Policy in Japan – Introduction”. Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
32. Evaluation of Mercury Exposure Level, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment for Mercury Intoxication -(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724159/)
33. https://www.kyouritsu-cl.com/en/explanation/patient.php
34. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/minamata-disease#Treatment
35. Investigation of the Cause of Minamata Disease -(http://nimd.env.go.jp/archives/english/tenji/b_corner/b03.html)
36. ^”Sur l’emploi de l’iodure de potassium pourcombattre les affections saturnines et mercurielles”, in Annalesdechimieetdephysique, t. 26, 3e série, 1849.
37. ^ “On the Employment of Iodide of Potassium as a Remedy for the Affections Caused by Lead and Mercury”, in BrForeignMedChirRev. 1853 Jan; 11(21): 201–224.
38. ^ a b c d e Clifton JC (April 2007). “Mercury exposure and public health”. PediatricClinicsofNorthAmerica. 54 (2): 237–69, viii. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2007.02.005. PMID174489.
39. ^ Risher JF, Amler SN (August 2005). “Mercury exposure: evaluation and intervention the inappropriate use of chelating agents in the diagnosis and treatment of putative mercury poisoning”. Neurotoxicology. 26 (4): 691–9. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2005.05.004. PMID 16009427.
40. ^ a b Rooney JP (May 2007). “The role of thiols, dithiols, nutritional factors and interacting ligands in the toxicology of mercury”. Toxicology. 234 (3): 145–56. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2007.02.016. PMID 17408840.
41. Hazards of chelation therapy:Brown MJ, Willis T, Omalu B, Leiker R (August 2006). “Deathsresultingfromhypocalcemiaafteradministrationofedetatedisodium: 2003-2005”. Pediatrics. 118 (2): e534-6. doi:10.1542/peds.20060858. PMID 16882789. S2CID 28656831. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27.
42. Baxter AJ, Krenzelok EP (December 2008). “Pediatric fatality secondary to EDTA chelation”. Clinical Toxicology. 46 (10): 1083–4. doi:10.1080/15563650701261488. PMID 18949650. S2CID 24576683
43. Spiller HA (May 2018). “Rethinking mercury: the role of selenium in the pathophysiology of mercury toxicity”. ClinicalToxicology. 56 (5): 313–326. doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1400555. PMC 4856720. PMID 29124976.