34.Issue 05 may 25 - INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Volume : 12, Issue : 03, March – 2025

Title:

A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Authors :

Md Khasim Iqbal, Dr.Sumer Singh, Dr.Abdul Sayeed

Abstract :

Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence, risk factors and management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in the General Medicine Department at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.
Materials and Methods: It is a Prospective and Observational study carried out over a period of six months in the Department of General Medicine at Basaweshwar teaching and General Hospital, Gulburga . Patients of both the sex, diagnosed with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, aged over 18 years were selected for the study. A total of 300 cases were collected using a predesigned data collection form and data was evaluated to study the prevalence, risk factors and management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs).
Results: There is predominance of LRTI in males (60%) in the study population. More cases are recorded in patients below 60 years of age. In our study there is predominance of Pneumonia (40%) over other LRTIs. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Imaging studies like X-Ray and Computerised Tomography (CT) scan were observed in most of the cases. Sputum smear examination (culture test) for identification of microorganisms was found to have been reported in 56 cases. Sputum examination revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae as the most common causative microorganism. Common Clinical manifestations were found to be cough, Shortness of breath, fever and fluid retention in lungs. The commonly prescribed drugs for LRTI were Antibiotics like Amoxicillin + Clavulanate, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin and supportive treatment was given through Nebulizer using Salbutamol, Albuterol,Budesonide, Ipratropium and supplemental oxygen. It was found that a weakened immune system (76%) was a major risk factor followed by age, gender and addictions like smoking and alcohol abuse A total of 19 recurrent cases were identified in the study.
Conclusions: In the present study 300 cases of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection are recorded in a period of six months, and there is predominance of LRTI in males. Majority of the cases are recorded in patients below 60 years of age and there is predominance of Pneumonia over other LRTIs. Weakened immune system, age, male gender and addictions smoking and alcohol abuse were found to be other risk factors for LRTI. Sputum examination was not carried out in most of the cases, lacking specific treatment.
Key Words: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Pneumonia, Clinical manifestations, Risk Factors, Sputum examination

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Md.Khasim Iqbal et al., A Prospective Observational Study On Prevalence, Risk Factors And Management Of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections At A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12(05).

Number of Downloads : 10

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