Volume : 12, Issue : 10, October – 2025
Title:
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES: A REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH
Authors :
Ammar Jamal Abdullah Alhindi, Sami Mousa Hassan Alfaifi, Murhaf Ehsan Mohammed Doum, Abdullah Ahmed Alfifa, Abdullah Ruziq R Almutiri, Fawaz Mohammed Alzahrani, Khaled Saad Ali Alqarni, Abdulaziz Hashim Alansari, Mohammed Farhan Alotaibi, Tahir Zayid Ziad Almutayri
Abstract :
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) operate under immense pressure, where time-sensitive outcomes are challenged by systemic inefficiencies, including prolonged response times and fragmented data. Technological innovation is rapidly transforming prehospital care, yet a synthesized overview of its impact across the entire EMS spectrum is needed. This review aims to comprehensively map and synthesize current research on the role of technology in enhancing EMS, from emergency activation to patient handover, focusing on practical applications and measurable outcomes. Employing a scoping review methodology, a systematic search of major bibliographic databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore) was conducted for literature published between 2010 and 2024. A thematic analysis structured findings according to the EMS “Chain of Survival” framework. The analysis reveals that technology is fundamentally reshaping all phases of EMS. Key advancements include Artificial Intelligence (AI) for dispatch triage and prediction, drones for delivering medical supplies, telemedicine for real-time guidance, portable diagnostics like point-of-care ultrasound, and electronic patient care records for seamless data integration. These innovations demonstrate a significant impact on clinical outcomes for time-critical conditions (e.g., STEMI, stroke, trauma) and measurable improvements in operational efficiency, such as reduced response times. Critical challenges identified include high costs, interoperability issues, data privacy concerns, and the need for effective provider training. Technology is a transformative force in EMS, enhancing situational awareness, clinical decision-making, and system efficiency. To fully realize its potential, future efforts must prioritize strategic investment, human-centered design, standardized evaluation, and policies that ensure equitable access, thereby building more responsive, effective, and resilient emergency medical services.
Keywords: Emergency Medical Services, Prehospital Care, Artificial Intelligence, Telemedicine, Operational E
fficiency
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Ammar Jamal Abdullah Alhindi et al., The Role Of Technology In Enhancing Emergency Medical Services: A Review Of Current Research, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12(10).
REFERENCES:
1. Abdullah, N., Rose, J., Brown, E., & Geduld, H. (2025). Vehicle extrication in road traffic crashes: a descriptive analysis of an advanced medical rescue service in South Africa. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(2), 621-627.
2. Abualenain, J. (2024). Use of technology in disaster medicine. Eurasian Journal of Emergency Medicine.
3. Alanazi, F. H., Alanazi, S. M., Alanazi, F. S., Alanizi, N. M., Alenazi, M. A., Alonazi, K. A. O., … & Alanazi, S. F. (2025). Emergency Medical Services in Hospitals: Bridging Acute Response and Comprehensive Care–A Systematic Review. Vascular and Endovascular Review, 8(1s), 94-100.
4. Alhur, A. (2024). The role of informatics in advancing emergency medicine: a comprehensive review. Cureus, 16(7).
5. Alkuwayti, M. A., Abusaleh, M. A., Alsmail, I. M., Alsalem, S. N., Alodhayb, A. S., Alrumi, B. A., … & Ali Al Hareth, S. A. (2023). Emergency Medical Services (Ems) Response Systems: Enhancing Efficiency And Effectiveness. Journal of Namibian Studies, 36.
6. Alotaibi, H. F., Alanazi, S. M., Albasri, R. F., & Alanazi, I. M. (2023). Advances in pre-hospital emergency care: Enhancing outcomes through innovative practices and technology. International journal of health sciences, 7(S1), 3422-3434.
7. Alqaidi, S. H., Albugami, S. M., Alzahrani, W. S., Badri, S., & Wali, A. (2024). Network-integrated medical chatbot for enhanced healthcare services. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 15, 100153.
8. Apiratwarakul, K., Cheung, L. W., Pearkao, C., Gaysonsiri, D., & Ienghong, K. (2024). “Smart Emergency Call Point” Enhancing Emergency Medical Services on University Campuses. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 39(1), 32-36.
9. Apiratwarakul, K., Khemtong, S., Cheung, L. W., Pearkao, C., & Ienghong, K. (2025). Enhancing Emergency Medical Services with Smart Glasses Technology for Optimal Ambulance Positioning in Simulated Critical Patient Care Scenarios. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 4309-4316.
10. Athey, S., & Stern, S. (2000). The impact of information technology on emergency health care outcomes.
11. Baig, M. N. A., Khan, N., Naseer, R., Akhter, S., Shaikh, A. J., & Razzak, J. A. (2024). Pakistan’s Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system & out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest (OHCA): A narrative review of an EMS system of a low middle income country in context of OHCA. Resuscitation Plus, 18, 100627.
12. Dimitrov, V., Dimitrova, D. P., Vodenicharova, A., Dzhafer, S., Papathanasiou, J., & Dzhafer, N. (2025). Evaluating perceived advantages and funding needs to enhance emergency medical services: insights from patients and staff. Folia Medica, 67(1), e142943.
13. Friesen, J., Kharel, R., & Delaney, P. G. (2024). Emergency medical dispatch technologies: Addressing communication challenges and coordinating emergency response in low and middle-income countries. Surgery, 176(1), 223-225.
14. Geetanjali, A., Sirohi, T., Singh, E., & Kumar, A. (2024, August). Revolutionizing Emergency Medical Services: A Review of Ambulance Technology Advancements and Service Enhancement Strategies. In 2024 International Conference on Electrical Electronics and Computing Technologies (ICEECT) (Vol. 1, pp. 1-7). IEEE.
15. Hampiholi, N. (2024). Elevating emergency healthcare-technological advancements and challenges in smart ambulance systems and advanced monitoring and diagnostic tools. International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology, 72(1), 1-7.
16. Handel, D. A., Wears, R. L., Nathanson, L. A., & Pines, J. M. (2011). Using information technology to improve the quality and safety of emergency care. Academic emergency medicine, 18(6), e45-e51.
17. Ilgen, J. S., Sherbino, J., & Cook, D. A. (2013). Technology‐enhanced simulation in emergency medicine: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Academic Emergency Medicine, 20(2), 117-127.
18. Kim, H., Kim, S. W., Park, E., Kim, J. H., & Chang, H. (2020). The role of fifth-generation mobile technology in prehospital emergency care: An opportunity to support paramedics. Health Policy and Technology, 9(1), 109-114.
19. Landman, A. B., Lee, C. H., Sasson, C., Van Gelder, C. M., & Curry, L. A. (2012). Prehospital electronic patient care report systems: early experiences from emergency medical services agency leaders. PLoS One, 7(3), e32692.
20. Mekonen, Z., Jemebere, W., Chekol, A. T., Tadesse, F., Borie, Y. A., Mola, E., … & Yeheyis, T. (2024). Utilization of emergency medical service and its associated factors among patients visited public hospitals at Hawassa City, Sidama Region, Ethiopia, 2023. Heliyon, 10(11).
21. Mitropoulos, S., Mitsis, C., Valacheas, P., & Douligeris, C. (2025). An online emergency medical management information system using mobile computing. Applied Computing and Informatics, 21(1/2), 65-77.
22. Musuka, H., Mano, O., Iradukunda, P. G., Pierre, G., Munyonho, F. T., Moyo, E., & Dzinamarira, T. (2025). Global health development aid initiatives and the quality of medical laboratory services in sub-Saharan: a narrative review. Global Health Journal.
23. Panula, E., Länkimäki, S., Huhtala, H., Setälä, P., & Hoppu, S. (2025). Ambulance Emergency Medical Services Professionals’ Perspectives on Collaboration With Helicopter Emergency Medical Services Physicians. Air Medical Journal.
24. Patrício, L., Costa, C., Silva, J., Varela, L., Silveira, Z., & Cruz-Cunha, M. M. (2025). Chatbot Framework for Emergency Medical Care Flow: Case Study. Procedia Computer Science, 256, 696-705.
25. Razzak, J. A., & Kellermann, A. L. (2002). Emergency medical care in developing countries: is it worthwhile?. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80(11), 900-905.
26. Reddy, M. C., Paul, S. A., Abraham, J., McNeese, M., DeFlitch, C., & Yen, J. (2009). Challenges to effective crisis management: using information and communication technologies to coordinate emergency medical services and emergency department teams. International journal of medical informatics, 78(4), 259-269.
27. Seth, M., Jalo, H., Högstedt, Å., Medin, O., Sjöqvist, B. A., & Candefjord, S. (2025). Technologies for Interoperable Internet of Medical Things Platforms to Manage Medical Emergencies in Home and Prehospital Care: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e54470.
28. Zhang, Z., Meybodi, M. M., Ingale, A., Karimova, L., & Vinnikov, M. (2025). Extended reality technology for emergency medical service training: systematic review. Frontiers in Disaster and Emergency Medicine, 3, 1630167.