Volume : 12, Issue : 10, October – 2025

Title:

GALIDESIVIR’S POTENTIAL AS A BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIVIRAL: A REVIEW

Authors :

Ramya Nagabathula*, A.V.R.Aparajitha, K.Lalitha Sundari, CH.Vineela

Abstract :

Galidesivir (BCX4430) is an adenosine nucleoside analogue that has gained considerable attention as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral candidate.Originally developed against filoviruses, such as Ebola and Marburg, Galidesivir has subsequently demonstrated activity against a wide range of RNA viruses, including flaviviruses, arenaviruses, and coronaviruses. Its mechanism of action involves intracellular phosphorylation to the active triphosphate metabolite, which competes with adenosine triphosphate for incorporation into viral RNA by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), ultimately leading to premature chain termination. Despite this potent mechanism, its conversion to the triphosphate form is cell-dependent, influencing efficacy across different host systems. Significant progress has been made in understanding both the synthetic pathway of Galidesivir and its preclinical pharmacology. Chemical modification strategies have been explored to optimize nucleoside analog activity, while recent research highlights sustainable approaches such as utilizing bio-based intermediates, including compounds derived from corn husk, as potential raw material sources. These innovations aim to improve cost-effectiveness and accessibility for large-scale production. Clinically, Galidesivir has advanced to phase II trials in the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral infections. Intravenous and intramuscular routes have been investigated, with pharmacokinetic studies confirming dose-dependent distribution and elimination. Although early trials established favorable safety and tolerability profiles, clinical efficacy outcomes remain variable, and further evidence is needed to establish its therapeutic position against emerging viral threats. This review provides a consolidated overview of Galidesivir, focusing on its chemistry, synthesis strategies, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical progress. By critically analyzing its strengths and limitations, the article underscores Galidesivir’s potential as an important antiviral candidate while also highlighting future research directions required for translation into effective therapeutic application.
Keywords: Galidesivir (BCX-4430),C-nucleoside analogues, Antiviral drug development, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor, Broad-spectrum antivirals, Pharmacokinetics (PK) and ADME, Clinical trials of Galidesivir, Synthetic strategies of nucleoside analogues, Triphosphate metabolite (BCX-4430-TP),Ebola and emerging viral infections.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Ramya Nagabathula et al., Galidesivir’s potential as a broad spectrum Antiviral: a review, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12(10).

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