Volume : 12, Issue : 11, November – 2025
Title:
RESILIENCE ENGINEERING IN EMS SYSTEMS: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS FROM HIGH-RELIABILITY ORGANIZATIONS TO IMPROVE SAFETY AND ADAPTABILITY
Authors :
Faiz Sharef Abdullah Almalki, Ismail Saeed Shobili, Ahmad Ibrahim M Ageeli, Fahad Ali Alghamdi, Abdullah Montaha Almashi, Ibrahim Hamad Al Duways, Hassan Mousa Hassan Alasmari, Jibril Zain Al-Zubaidi, Hussam Mohammed Alotaibi, Saeed Mohammed Alghamdi
Abstract :
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) operate in inherently volatile and unpredictable environments where traditional safety management paradigms, focused on error prevention (Safety-I), often fall short. This scoping review synthesizes literature on Resilience Engineering (RE) and High-Reliability Organizations (HROs) to propose a transformative framework for enhancing safety and adaptability in EMS. The review demonstrates that the four core capabilities of RE—Anticipating, Monitoring, Responding, and Learning—are effectively operationalized through the five principles of HROs, such as preoccupation with failure and deference to expertise. By integrating these complementary approaches, EMS systems can shift from a reactive Safety-I model to a proactive Safety-II paradigm that supports frontline personnel in succeeding under varying conditions. The review identifies practical applications—including predictive analytics, real-time monitoring technologies, protocol flexibility, and non-punitive learning reviews—while highlighting the critical role of leadership and psychological safety in fostering a resilient organizational culture. Despite implementation challenges, the adoption of RE and HRO principles offers a robust pathway for building EMS systems that are not only safe but also adaptive and reliable in the face of unexpected demands.
Keywords: Resilience Engineering, High-Reliability Organizations (HROs), Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Patient Safety, Adaptive Capacity
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Faiz Sharef Abdullah Almalki et al., Resilience Engineering In Ems Systems: A Review Of Applications From High-Reliability Organizations To Improve Safety And Adaptability, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12(11).
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