Volume : 13, Issue : 06, June – 2026
Title:
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TAMOXIFEN SPANLASTIC VESICLES FOR TARGETED CANCER THERAPY
Authors :
U. Shivleela, Dr. G. Chiina Devi*
Abstract :
The present study was aimed at the development and characterisation of Tamoxifen-loaded spanlastic vesicles for targeted cancer therapy through transdermal delivery. Tamoxifen is widely used in the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer, however, its conventional oral therapy is associated with poor bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, and systemic side effects. To overcome these limitations, spanlastic vesicles were formulated as elastic nanocarriers to enhance drug permeation, entrapment, and controlled release. Tamoxifen spanlastic were prepared using non-ionic surfactants and edge activators by suitable vesicle preparation techniques and further incorporated into a gel base for transdermal application. The prepared formulations were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, pH, viscosity, spread ability, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, release kinetics, and stability studies. The particle size of the formulations ranged from 238 to 301 nm, indicating nanosized vesicles suitable for enhanced skin permeation. Zeta potential values ranged from −21 to −31 mV, confirming good vesicular stability. The pH values of all gel formulations were found within the acceptable skin pH range (5.5–6.4), and viscosity studies indicated satisfactory rheological behavior. Entrapment efficiency ranged from 76.89% to 90.25%, with formulation F6 showing the highest drug entrapment. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained drug release behavior, and formulation F6 exhibited maximum cumulative drug release of 98.56% within 8 hours. Drug release kinetics revealed that the optimized formulation followed the Higuchi diffusion model with near zero-order release characteristics. Stability studies conducted according to ICH guidelines confirmed that the optimized formulation remained stable for three months under accelerated conditions. The results concluded that Tamoxifen spanlastic transdermal gel is a promising vesicular drug delivery system for targeted cancer therapy due to its enhanced entrapment efficiency, sustained drug release, improved stability, and potential to reduce systemic side effects associated with conventional therapy.
Keywords: Tamoxifen, Spanlastics, FTIR Studies, Spread ability, In vitro drug release studies
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press U. Shivleela et al., Development And Characterization Of Tamoxifen Spanlastic Vesicles For Targeted Cancer Therapy., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(06).
REFERENCES:
1. Kakkar S, Kaur IP. Spanlastics—A novel nanovesicular carrier system for ocular delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2011;413(1-2):202-210.
2. Elsayed MMA, Abdallah OY, Naggar VF, Khalafallah NM. Deformable liposomes and ethosomes as carriers for skin delivery of ketotifen. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology. 2007;12(1):95-102.
3. Jain S, Umamaheshwari RB, Bhadra D, Jain NK. Ethosomes: A novel vesicular carrier for enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-HIV agent. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2004;66(1):72-81.
4. Torchilin VP. Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2005;4(2):145-160.
5. Peer D, Karp JM, Hong S, FaroKhzad OC, Margalit R, Langer R. Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Nature Nanotechnology. 2007;2(12):751-760.
6. Tamoxifen Jordan VC. Tamoxifen: A most unlikely pioneering medicine. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2003;2(3):205-213.
7. Osborne CK. Tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1998;339(22):1609-1618.
8. Ali AAM, El-Gizawy SA, Osman MA. Preparation and evaluation of aceclofenac loaded spanlastic vesicles for transdermal delivery. Journal of Liposome Research. 2018;28(1):52-61.
9. Ammu: 36. El Meshad AN, Mohsen AM. Enhanced corneal permeation and antimycotic activity of itraconazole against Candida albicans via a novel nanosystem vesicle. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(7):2115-23.
10. Maiti B. Kakkar S. Kaur IP, Basha M, Abd El-Alim SH, et al. Preparation of an anti-inflammatory agent in different dosage forms for topical application a thesis presented By. Int J Pharm. 2019;18(1):70-7.
11. Chauhan MK, Khanna G. Recent advance of nanotechnology for the treatment of ocular disease. Khanna al. World J Pharm Res. 2018;7(15):239
12. Elsaied EH, Dawaba HM, Ibrahim ESA, Afouna MI. Effect of pegylated edge activator on span 60 based- nanovesicles: comparison between Myrj 52 and Myrj. Universe. J. Pharm. Res. 2019;1-8.
13. El Menshawe SF, Nafady MM, Aboud HM, Kharshoum RM, Elkelawy AMMH, Hamad DS. Transdermal delivery of fluvastatin sodium via tailored spanlastic nanovesicles mitigated Freund’s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats through suppressing p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Drug Deliv. 2019;26(1):1140-54
14. Shahab MS, Rizwanullah M, Alshehri S, Imam SS. Optimization to development of chitosan decorated polycaprolactone nanoparticles for improved ocular delivery of dorzolamide: In vitro, ex vivo and toxicity assessments. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 163:2392-404
15. Maiti B, Kakkar S, Kaur IP, Basha M, Abd El-Alim SH, et al. Preparation of an anti-inflammatory agent in different dosage forms for topical application a thesis presented By. Int J Pharm. 2019;18(1):70-7.