Volume : 13, Issue : 08, August – 2026
Title:
FROM PEPTIDES TO PEPTIDOMIMETICS: CHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING DRUG-LIKE THERAPEUTICS: A STRATEGY-FOCUSED NARRATIVE REVIEW FOR MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY AND DRUG DISCOVERY
Authors :
Omkar Rai*, Soma Sekhar Pulamarasetti, Manish Gupta, Shibu Kumar, Varri Anudeepthi
Abstract :
Peptides have important properties in between small molecules and biologics; they are able to bind broadly and with high affinity and selectivity to protein surfaces that are shallow, dynamic and rich in conformational and nonpolar interactions, but are often hindered for clinical translation by factors such as proteolysis, conformational flexibility, lack of membrane permeability, rapid clearance and low oral exposure. Peptidomimetics solve these disadvantages by preserving the spatial geometry of essential recognition components while substituting some of the peptide’s components with noncanonical residues, backbone modifications, bioisosteres, conformational constraints, and/or physicochemical-property modifiers. The present review offers a strategy-oriented framework for the development of a bioactive peptide to a drug-like peptidomimetic. The following six interconnected design classes are explored: (i) incorporation of unnatural and noncanonical amino-acids, (ii) backbone engineering and peptide-bond replacement, (iii) terminal and side-chain modification, (iv) cyclization and macrocyclization, (v) stapling and other conformational-locking strategies, and (vi) integrated molecular optimization of affinity, selectivity, stability, permeability, and pharmacokinetics. Special attention is given to structure–activity relationships, targeting of protein–protein interactions, oral delivery, intracellular delivery and optimization using computation. Examples of antiviral, anticancer, antimicrobial and enzyme-inhibitor and receptor-directed drug discovery demonstrate how single changes can address individual liabilities, but can also result in trade-offs. A practical design workflow is proposed that sees structural information, medicinal-chemistry iteration, biophysical characterization, permeability/stability assays and pharmacokinetic profiling are not optimized independently but rather integrated. It is concluded that successful peptidomimetic design is not about maximising any single property, but about an appropriate combination of recognition geometry and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties.
Keywords: Peptidomimetics; peptide drug discovery; unnatural amino acids; noncanonical amino acids; backbone engineering; macrocyclization; stapled peptides; conformational restriction; protein–protein interactions; medicinal chemistry; drug-like peptides.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Omkar Rai et al., From Peptides To Peptidomimetics: Chemical And Structural Strategies For Developing Drug-Like Therapeutics: A Strategy-Focused Narrative Review For Medicinal Chemistry And Drug Discovery. Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(08).
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Volume : 13, Issue : 08, August – 2026
Title:
EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS IN RATS
Authors :
Chinthala Jamima*, Dr.R.narasimha Rao, Dr.N. Raghunandhan
Abstract :
Obesity and hyperlipidemia have become major disorders predominantly causing prevailing cardiovascular diseases and ultimately death. The prolonged use of anti-obesity drugs and statins for reducing obesity and blood lipid levels is leading toward adverse effects of kidneys and muscles, specifically rhabdomyolysis. The objective of this study is to evaluate potential of seeds of Sapindus emarginatus against hyperlipidemia. In this model of Hyperlipidemia, 30 adult male wistar rats (200-250gms) were evenly divided into 5 groups in both groups. Group-1 and Group-2 served as untreated and model controls respectively, while Group-3, 4 and 5 were the treatments groups which were simultaneously treated with standard, 100 and 200 mg/kg extract respectively along with High Fat Diet. On last day, blood samples for biochemical parameters, were obtained under inhaled diether anaesthesia. The outcomes of this study were expressed as mean standard error and data were evaluated by using analysis of variance followed by multiple comparisons. Oral administration of 100 mg/ kg and 200mg/kg body weight of Methanolic extract residual fraction of Moringa oleifera. Leaves exhibited a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in serum lipid parameters such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL and increase in high density lipoprotein in hyperlipidemic rats when compared with hyperlipidemic control in both models. Our results demonstrated that Methanolic extract fraction of Sesbania grandiflora. Possessed significant antihyperlipidemic activity.
Keywords: Sesbania grandiflora, Cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and antihyperlipidemic activity.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Chinthala Jamimaet al., Evaluation of Antihyperlipidemic activity of Sapindus Emarginatus in rats,, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(08).
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