Volume : 09, Issue : 02, February – 2022
Title:
01.DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS
Authors :
M. Dheepthi*, S.U. Mohamed Afreeth, S. Suba Dhanisha, M. Fathima Basheera, M. Santhanakumar and C. Sowmya
Abstract :
Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high glucose level as a result of pancreatic β cells dysfunction and/or insulin resistance. Diabetes is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Obesity has direct relationship with insulin resistance, enhancing the burden by synthesis of inflammatory mediators and activating JNK pathway. Oxidative stress induces endothelial dysfunction and altered metabolism rate in hyperglycemic condition resulting in complications. Progress of these complications worsens the disease condition and patients’ quality of life. Higher rate of hospitalization is due to severity of disease and complications which increases the economic burden. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment helps to alleviate the severity and hospitalization. Drug utilization studies remain the effective tool for evaluating prescriptions and promote rational use of drugs. Rational use of drugs helps in maximising therapeutic outcome and minimise the economic burden. Lifestyle chances, patient education on disease and medication aids in improving positive outcome of therapy.
Objective: To evaluate drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in hospitalized patients and compare the choice of therapy.
Method: This is retrospective observational study done by observing and reviewing case sheets of 130 diabetic in-patients.
Result: Oral Hypoglycemic agents and insulin were prescribed as both monotherapy as well as combination therapy based on severity of disease and complications. Metformin was the most commonly utilized oral Hypoglycemic drug. Human Actrapid Insulin was preferred next to metformin. Metformin + Glimepiride was utilized the most in combination therapy.
Key words: Diabetes, Drug utilization, Metformin, Monotherapy, Combination therapy.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press M. Dheepthi et al, Drug Utilization Pattern Of Anti-Diabetic Drugs ., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2022; 09(02).
Number of Downloads : 10
References:
1. Sriram A, Dhanapal CK and Junior Sundresh N. Drug use pattern involved in diabetic with hypertension patents in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The Pharma Innovation Journal 2018; 7(7): 535-538 .
2. Tamoghna Maiti, Sourav Chakrabarty, Sonai Mandal, Amrita Panda, Tanmoy Gangopadhyay, Satrajit Dan ,A Study On Drug Utilization Pattern In Patients Of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Attending Referral Diabetic Clinic At A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In Rural Bengal. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2016:3(9):641-64.
3. Pouya Saeedi, Inga Petersohn, Paraskevi Salpea, Belma Malanda, Suvi Karuranga, Nigel Unwin, Stephen Colagiuri, Leonor Guariguata, Ayesha A Motala, Katherine Ogurtsova, Jonathan E Shaw, Dominic Bright, Rhys Williams, IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes estimates for 2019 and projection for 2030, International diabetes federation, Diabetes atlas, 2019; edition 9. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2019;157:107843. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843. PMID: 31518657.
4. The IDF Diabetes Atlas Ninth edition 2019.
5. WHO. Home/ Newsroom/ Fact sheets/ Detail/ Diabetes.
6. Anastasia Katsarou, Soffia Gudbjornsdottir, Araz Rawshani, Dana Dabelea, Ezio Bonifacio, Barbara J. Anderson, Laura M. Jacobsen, Desmond A. Schatz and Ake Lernmark. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2017; 3: Article number: 17016.
7. Abdulfatai B. Olokoba, Olusegun A. Obateru and Lateefat B. Olokoba. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Trends. Oman Medical Journal, 2012; 27(4): 269–273. DOI: 10.5001/omj.2012.68. PMID: 23071876.
8. M. Dheepthi, S.U. Mohamed Afreeth, S. Suba Dhanisha, C. Sowmya. Targetting inflammatory pathway in diabetes mellitus. World journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2021; 10(8):1488-1498.
9. S.U. Mohamed Afreeth, M. Dheepthi, S. Suba Dhanisha, C. Sowmya. Antioxidants And Their Potential Role In Diabetes. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences,2021; 12(4):43-50.
10. Bahendeka Silver, Kaushik Ramaiya, Swai Babu Andrew, Otieno Fredrick, Sarita Bajaj, Sanjay Kalra, Bavuma M. Charlotte, Karigire Claudine, Anthony Makhoba. EADSG Guidelines: Insulin Therapy in Diabetes. Diabetes Therapy, 2018;9(2):449-492. DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0384-6. PMID: 29508275.
11. Bela Patel, Bhavit Oza, Kamlesh P. Patel, Supriya D. Malhotra, Varsha J. Patel. Pattern of anti-diabetics drugs use in type-2 diabetic patients in a medicine outpatient clinic of a tertiary care teaching Hospital. International Journal of Basic& Clinical Pharmacology,2013;2: 485-491.
12. Akshay A. Agarwal, Pradeep R. Jadhav and Yeshwant A. Deshmukh. Prescribing pattern and efficacy of anti-diabetic drugs in maintaining optimal glycemic levels in diabetic patients. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2014; 5(3): 79–83. DOI:10.4103/0976-0105.139731. PMID: 25278671.
13. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, 2021;44(1):111-124. DOI: 10.2337/dc21-S009.
14. Rani J and Reddy S. Prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in urban population of Hyderabad. National Journal of Physiology Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2015;5:5-9.
15. Paul W. Lofholm and Bertram G. Katzung. Rational prescribing and Prescription writing. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th edition. McGraw Hill, 2009: 1127-1136.
16. Aikaterini Trikkalinou, Athanasia K Papazafiropoulou and Andreas Melidonis. Type 2 diabetes and quality of life. World Journal of Diabetes, 2017;8(4):120–129. DOI:10.4239/wjd.v8.i4.120. PMID: 28465788.
17. Kathryn McGrath. Diabetic Kidney Disease. American Family Physician, 2019; 99(12): 751-759.
18. Arun Chaudhury, Chitharanjan Duvoor, Vijaya Sena Reddy Dendi, Shashank Kraleti, Aditya Chada, Rahul Ravilla, Asween Marco, Nawal Singh Shekhawat, Maria Theresa Montales, Kevin Kuriakose, Appalanaidu Sasapu, Alexandria Beebe, Naveen Patil, Chaitanya K. Musham, Govinda Prasad Lohani and Wasique Mirza. Clinical Review of Anti-diabetic Drugs: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management. Frontaries in Endocrinology, 2017;8. Article 6. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2017.00006. PMID: 28167928.
19. Santwana Padhi, Amit Kumar Nayak, AninditaBehera. Type II diabetes mellitus: a review on recent drug based therapeutics. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2020; 131: 110708.
20. Purnima Ashok and Vijeesh Tholur Subramanian. Importance of Drug Utilization Evaluation Studies In Patient Health Care. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2017; 10(3):157-159. DOI: 10.5530/ijopp.10.3.34.
21. Naresh Karki, Ruban Raj Joshi, Buddhi Kumar Shrestha and Pravin Prasad. Drug Utilization Pattern by Using WHO Core Prescribing Indicators in Orthopedics and Obstetrics / Gynecology Departments of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Journal of Lumbini Medical College,2019;7. Article 1. DOI: 10.22502/jlmc.v7i1.280.
22. Emmanouil M Pagkalos. Combinations of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetes mellitus type 2. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2011;93(1): 100-101. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-8227(11)70022-5. PMID: 21864738.
23. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes,2020;43(1):193-202. DOI:10.2337/dc20-S015.
24. Kasia J. Lipska, Xiaoxi Yao, Jeph Herrin, Rozalina G. McCoy, Joseph S. Ross, Michael A. Steinman, Silvio E. Inzucch,Thomas M. Gill, Harlan M. Krumholz and Nilay D. Shah. Trends in Drug Utilization, Glycemic Control, and Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia, 2006–2013. Diabetes Care, 2017; 40(4): 468-475. DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0985.
25. Adil Hassan Aliakbar, Malath Azeez Alsaadi and Abbas Abd Zaid Barrak. Evaluation of the Surgical and Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infection: A Retrospective Study. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Science, 2019; 7(9): 1499–1504. DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2019.298. PMID: 31198462.