Volume : 08, Issue : 12, December – 2021
Title:
31.POST-COVID-19 SYNDROME
Authors :
Dr. Zohor Ahmed Mohamed, Dr. Abdelaziz Mohamed Elamin Abdelaziz Ziena
Abstract :
Beyond the shadow of any doubt, infection of post-COVID-19 syndrome is challenging both physically and mentally. From causing chronic fatigue syndrome to brain fog, the reappearance of COVID-19 symptoms could pose serious health complications. The potential mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of post-COVID-19 syndrome include expected sequelae of post-critical illness, inflammatory damage as a result of immunologic aberrations, and virus-specific pathophysiologic changes, resulting in the worsening of psychiatric, cognitive, and physical abnormalities. This review explains all the reported information about post-COVID-19 syndrome, its pathophysiology, and severe to moderate symptoms. The best way to prevent this syndrome is to protect oneself from the COVID-19 infection by adopting preventive measures and practicing social distancing as prevention is better than cure. Recovery is slow, the convalescence period is prolonged and to make it worse, its symptoms could have a huge downstream effect on the quality of life of an individual impacting their personal, social and professional life. Studies and researches related to Post COVID-19 Syndrome are underway worldwide to elucidate its clinical manifestation and pathogenesis. Hopefully, the world will be able to tackle it more properly in the coming days.
Keywords: COVID-19, Syndrome, Pathophysiology, physically, mentally.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Zohor Ahmed Mohamed et al., Post-Covid-19 Syndrome.,Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2021; 08(12).
Number of Downloads : 10
References:
1. Kabi A, Mohanty A, Mohanty AP, Kumar S. Post COVID-19 Syndrome: A Literature Review. J Adv Med Med Res, 2020;32:289–95. https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i2430781
2. Perrin R, Riste L, Hann M, Walther A, Mukherjee A, Heald A. Into the looking glass: Post-viral syndrome post COVID-19. Med Hypotheses, 2020;144:110055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110055
3. Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A’Court C, Buxton M, Husain L. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care. BMJ, 2020;370:m3026. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3026
4. Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. J Am Med Assoc, 2020;324:603–5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12603
5. Davido B, Seang S, Tubiana R, de Truchis P. Post–COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post infectious entity? Clin Microbiol Infect, 2020;26:1448–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.028
6. Scordo KA, Richmond MM, Munro N. Post COVID-19 Syndrome: Theoretical Basis, Identification, and Management. Adv Crit Care, 2021;32:188–94. https://doi.org/10.4037/AACNACC2021492
7. Nuzzo D, Cambula G, Bacile I, Rizzo M, Galia M, Mangiapane P, et al. Long-Term Brain Disorders in Post Covid-19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS) Patient. Brain Sci, 2021;11. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040454
8. Goërtz YMJ, Van Herck M, Delbressine JM, Vaes AW, Meys R, Machado FVC, et al. Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome? ERJ Open Res, 2020;6:542–2020. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00542-2020
9. Wijeratne T, Crewther S. Post-COVID 19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS); a novel syndrome with challenges for the global neurology community. J Neurol Sci, 2020;419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.117179
10. Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan M V, McGroder C, Stevens JS, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med, 2021;27:601–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z
11. Najjar S, Najjar A, Chong DJ, Pramanik BK, Kirsch C, Kuzniecky RI, et al. Central nervous system complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: integrative concepts of pathophysiology and case reports. J Neuroinflammation, 2020;17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01896-0
12. Afrin LB, Weinstock LB, Molderings GJ. Covid-19 hyperinflammation and post-Covid-19 illness may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome. Int J Infect Dis, 2020;100:327–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.016
13. Inoue S, Hatakeyama J, Kondo Y, Hifumi T, Sakuramoto H, Kawasaki T, et al. Post-intensive care syndrome: its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions. Acute Med Surg, 2019;6:233–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.415
14. Papayannopoulos V. Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease. Nat Rev Immunol, 2018;18:134–47. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2017.105
15. Hull JH, Lloyd JK, Cooper BG. Lung function testing in the COVID-19 endemic. Lancet Respir Med, 2020;8:666–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30246-0