Volume : 08, Issue : 07, July – 2021

Title:

15.VIROSOMES: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY APPROACH

Authors :

Jagruti K. Kale, Prashant L. Pingale*, Sunil V. Amrutkar

Abstract :

Virosomes seem to be peptide vesicles that encompass viral shell glycoproteins. Because of the existence of these viral peplomers as well as the binding of certain elements to their respective host cell they are a virosome on that same scale of effects are capable aspirants in the case of a focused drug and toxin release. For pharmaceutical formulation developers, designing secure and convenient traits of development with the liberation for every preventative or beneficial mediator leftovers a demanding mission. To gain pharmacological benefits, drug particles, nucleic acids, complex carbs, fats, and diversity in additament with natural element agents are working. The chief confronts, however, leftovers in transporting these agents to the precise site of operation in a timely fashion. During the middle across the numerous systems for medicines urbanized, as for nanoscale machinery of virosomes tends to nearby the well system for consigning pharmacological agents area of therapeutic effects. Immunostimulating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs) are the central focus of the virosome category as far as drug delivery is concerned. The system has been approved for human use that permits antigens to be targeted specifically with a humoral and cellular immune response. The article examined the biopharmaceutical applications of virosomes, and also their preparation method, fusion activity, and drug delivery approaches. This article addresses the administration of virosomes and their association with the immune system, in contrast to potential prospects of virosomes. Also looked at how different delivery mechanisms in virosomes can be used effectively.
Keywords: virosome, drug conveying method, cancer management, cancer vaccine, hepatocarcinoma cell line li7a

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Prashant Pingale et al., Virosomes: A Novel Drug Delivery Approach.., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2021; 08(07).

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

1. Elizondo E, Moreno E, Cabrera I, Córdoba A, Sala S, Veciana J, Ventosa N. Liposomes and other vesicular systems: structural characteristics, methods of preparation, and use in nanomedicine. Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 2011;104:1-52.
2. Tavano L, Gentile L, Rossi CO, Muzzalupo R. Novel gel-niosomes formulations as multicomponent systems for transdermal drug delivery. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2013;110:281-288.
3. Garg T, Rath G, Goyal AK. Colloidal drug delivery systems: current status and future directions. Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 2015;32.
4. Kalra N, Dhanya V, Saini V, Jeyabalan G. Virosomes: as a drug delivery carrier. American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery, 2013;1:29-35.
5. Huckriede A, Bungener L, Stegmann T, Daemen T, Medema J, Palache AM, Wilschut J. The virosome concept for influenza vaccines. Vaccine, 2005;23:26-38.
6. Beyer WE, Palache AM, Baljet M, Masurel N. Antibody induction by influenza vaccines in the elderly: a review of the literature. Vaccine, 1989;7:385-394.
7. Greenberg HB, Piedra PA. Immunization against viral respiratory disease: a review. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2004;23:54-61.
8. Nichol KL. The efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of inactivated influenza virus vaccines. Vaccine, 2003;21:1769-1775.
9. Kamphuis T, Shafique M, Meijerhof T, Stegmann T, Wilschut J, de Haan A. Efficacy and safety of an intranasal virosomal respiratory syncytial virus vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A in mice and cotton rats. Vaccine, 2013;31:2169-2176.
10. Felnerova D, Viret JF, Glück R, Moser C. Liposomes and virosomes as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids, and drugs. Current opinion in biotechnology, 2004;15:518-529.
11. Jamali A, Holtrop M, de Haan A, Hashemi H, Shenagari M, Memarnejadian A, Roohvand F, Sabahi F, Kheiri MT, Huckriede A. Cationic influenza virosomes as an adjuvanted delivery system for CTL induction by DNA vaccination. Immunology letters, 2012;148:77-82.
12. Wagner R, Matrosovich M, Klenk HD. A functional balance between haemagglutinin and neuraminidase in influenza virus infections. Reviews in medical virology, 2002;12:159-166.
13. Rathore P, Swami G. Virosomes: a novel vaccination technology. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2012;3:3591.
14. Stegmann T, Morselt HW, Scholma J, Wilschut J. Fusion of influenza virus in an intracellular acidic compartment measured by fluorescence dequenching. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1987;904:165-170.
15. Soussan E, Cassel S, Blanzat M, Rico‐Lattes I. Drug delivery by soft matter: matrix and vesicular carriers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2009;48:274-288.
16. Liu H, Tu Z, Feng F, Shi H, Chen K, Xu X. Virosome, a hybrid vehicle for efficient and safe drug delivery and its emerging application in cancer treatment. Acta Pharmaceutica, 2015;65:105-116.
17. Bungener L, Huckriede A, Wilschut J, Daemen T. Delivery of protein antigens to the immune system by fusion-active virosomes: a comparison with liposomes and ISCOMs. Bioscience reports, 2002;22:323-338.
18. Lakadamyali M, Rust MJ, Zhuang X. Endocytosis of influenza viruses. Microbes and infection, 2004;6:929-936.
19. Stegmann T, Morselt HW, Booy FP, Van Breemen JF, Scherphof G, Wilschut J. Functional reconstitution of influenza virus envelopes. The EMBO journal, 1987;6:2651-2659.
20. Glück R, Mischler R, Finkel B, Que JU, Cryz Jr SJ, Scarpa B. Immunogenicity of new virosome influenza vaccine in elderly people. The Lancet, 1994;344:160-163.
21. Glück R. Adjuvant activity of immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs). Vaccine, 1999;17:1782-1787.
22. Hunziker IP, Grabscheid B, Zurbriggen R, GluÈck R, Pichler WJ, Cerny A. In vitro studies of core peptide‐bearing, immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes as a non‐live prototype vaccine against hepatitis C virus. International immunology, 2002;14:615-626.
23. Moser C, Metcalfe IC, Viret JF. Virosomal adjuvanted antigen delivery systems. Expert review of vaccines, 2003;2:189-196.
24. Yoo JW, Irvine DJ, Discher DE, Mitragotri S. Bio-inspired, bioengineered and biomimetic drug delivery carriers. Nature reviews Drug discovery, 2011;10:521-535.
25. Liu J, Wu J, Wang B, Zeng S, Qi F, Lu C, Kimura Y, Liu B. Oral vaccination with a liposome‐encapsulated influenza DNA vaccine protects mice against respiratory challenge infection. Journal of medical virology, 2014;86:886-894.
26. Mengiardi B, Berger R, Just M, Glück R. Virosomes as carriers for combined vaccines. Vaccine, 1995;13:1306-1315.
27. Gowtham M, Pulak M, Krishnakumar KK. Virosomes: A Novel strategy for delivery of drugs and targeting: An overview. Journal of Pharmaceutical and scientific innovation, 2012;1:31-35.
28. Kim HS, Park YS. Effect of lipid compositions on gene transfer into 293 cells using Sendai F/HN-virosomes. BMB Reports, 2002;35:459-464.
29. Haddad RS, Hutt-Fletcher LM. Depletion of glycoprotein gp85 from virosomes made with Epstein-Barr virus proteins abolishes their ability to fuse with virus receptor-bearing cells. Journal of virology, 1989;63:4998-5005.
30. Shoji JI, Tanihara Y, Uchiyama T, Kawai A. Preparation of virosomes coated with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein as efficient gene transfer vehicles for animal cells. Microbiology and immunology, 2004;48:163-174.
31. Johnson DC, Wittels M, Spear PG. Binding to cells of virosomes containing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins and evidence for fusion. Journal of virology, 1984;52:238-247.
32. Cusi MG. Applications of influenza virosomes as a delivery system. Human vaccines, 2006;2:1-7.
33. Pedersen GK, Ebensen T, Gjeraker IH, Svindland S, Bredholt G, Guzman CA, Cox RJ. Evaluation of the sublingual route for administration of influenza H5N1 virosomes in combination with the bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP. PloS one, 2011;6:26973.
34. Natilla A, Hammond RW. Maize rayado fino virus virus-like particles expressed in tobacco plants: A new platform for cysteine selective bioconjugation peptide display. Journal of virological methods, 2011;178:209-215.
35. Abdoli A, Soleimanjahi H, Kheiri MT, Jamali A, Sohani H, Abdoli M, Rahmatollahi HR. Reconstruction of H3N2 influenza virus-based virosome in-vitro. Iranian journal of microbiology, 2013;5:166.
36. Daemen T, de Mare A, Bungener L, de Jonge J, Huckriede A, Wilschut J. Virosomes for antigen and DNA delivery. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2005;57:451-463.
37. Kanra G, Marchisio P, Feiterna-Sperling C, Gaedicke G, Lazar H, Durrer P, Kürsteiner O, Herzog C, Kara A, Principi N. Comparison of immunogenicity and tolerability of a virosome-adjuvanted and a split influenza vaccine in children. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2004;23:300-306.
38. Schumacher R, Adamina M, Zurbriggen R, Bolli M, Padovan E, Zajac P, Heberer M, Spagnoli GC. Influenza virosomes enhance class I restricted CTL induction through CD4+ T cell activation. Vaccine, 2004;22:714-723.
39. Hayashi A, Nakanishi T, Kunisawa J, Kondoh M, Imazu S, Tsutsumi Y, Tanaka K, Fujiwara H, Hamaoka T, Mayumi T. A novel vaccine delivery system using immunopotentiating fusogenic liposomes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1999;261:824-828.
40. Deniger DC, Kolokoltsov AA, Moore AC, Albrecht TB, Davey RA. Targeting and penetration of virus receptor-bearing cells by nanoparticles coated with envelope proteins of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Nano letters, 2006;6:2414-2421.