Volume : 09, Issue : 08, August – 2022
Title:
44.PEDIATRIC HYPERTENSION IN SAUDI ARABIA-A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors :
Suzanne Talal Kutbi, Zahra Ahmed Al talaq, OHOUD ALI A ALATTAS, Zainab Adel Ahmed Alsowaidi, Nadeyah Yossef Hamad Baeyti, Saleh jadid alanazi, Mohammed hassan alajwad
Abstract :
Background: Because of its rising incidence in recent decades, juvenile hypertension has become an important public health issue. High blood pressure increases childhood mortality and morbidity, precedes adult hypertension, and increases cardiovascular events in age.
Objectives: This study aims to summarize current evidences regarding prevalence, risk factors and consequences of hypertension in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: For article selection, the PubMed database and EBSCO Information Services were used. All relevant articles relevant with our topic and other articles were used in our review. Other articles that were not related to this field were excluded. The data was extracted in a specific format that was reviewed by the group members.
Conclusion: Literature shows a prevalence of pre-hypertension ranging from 5.2%- 6.5% while hypertension had prevalence of 3.8%- 17.2% in Saudi children which is comparable to figures reported worldwide. It is well recognized that hypertension in childhood and adolescent persists into adulthood. Children who are epidemiologically at risk must be identified.
Keywords: childhood hypertension, Hypertension, hypertension risk factors, children and adolescents, KSA
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Suzanne Talal Kutbi et al, Pediatric Hypertension In Saudi Arabia-A Systematic Review., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2022; 09(8).
Number of Downloads : 10
References:
1. Matossian, Debora. “Pediatric Hypertension.” Pediatric annals vol. 47,12 (2018): e499-e503. doi:10.3928/19382359-20181119-01
2. Dong, Yanhui et al. “Updates to pediatric hypertension guidelines: influence on classification of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.” Journal of hypertension vol. 37,2 (2019): 297-306. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001903
3. Cha, Stephen D et al. “Essential pediatric hypertension: defining the educational needs of primary care pediatricians.” BMC medical education vol. 14 154. 27 Jul. 2014, doi:10.1186/1472-6920-14-154
4. Falkner, Bonita. “Hypertension in children and adolescents: epidemiology and natural history.” Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) vol. 25,7 (2010): 1219-24. doi:10.1007/s00467-009-1200-3.
5. Hansen ML, Gunn PW, Kaelber DC. Underdiagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents. JAMA. 2007;298:874–879. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.8.874.
6. McNiece KL, Poffenbarger TS, Turner JL, Franco KK, Sorof JM, Portman RJ. Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents. J Pediatr. 2007;150(6):640–4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.01.052
7. Sypniewska G. Laboratory assessment of cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese children. Clin Biochem. 2015;48(6):370–6. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.12.024.
8. Croix B, Feig DI. Childhood hypertension is not a silent disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2006;21(4):527–532.
9. Falkner B. Hypertension in children and adolescents: epidemiology and natural history. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25(7):1219–1224
10. Collins RT II, Alpert BS. Pre-hypertension and hypertension in pediatrics: don’t let the statistics hide the pathology. J Pediatr. 2009;155(2):165–169.
11. Ilyas M, Ellis EN. Management of childhood hypertension: a guide for primary care physicians. J Ark Med Soc. 2006;103(6):137–140.
12. Wagdy, Reham, et al. “Evaluation of Hypertension and Pre-Hypertension among Obese Children Living in Saudi Arabia by National and International Guidelines of Hypertension.” The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 82.3 (2021): 519-530.
13. Al Salloum, Abdullah A et al. “Blood pressure standards for pre-school children in Saudi Arabia.” Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia vol. 31,6 (2020): 1281-1293. doi:10.4103/1319-2442.308337
14. Safdar, Osama et al. “Hypertension in pediatric patients admitted to inpatient ward at King Abdulaziz Universty Hospital in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, causes, and outcomes.” Journal of family medicine and primary care vol. 9,8 4031-4038. 25 Aug. 2020, doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_214_20
15. Ghamri, Ranya A et al. “High blood pressure in children attending pediatric clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.” Journal of family & community medicine vol. 26,3 (2019): 193-198. doi:10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_12_19
16. Almayouf, Furat Abdulrahman, and Noha Dekhail Aldekhail. “Hypertension in Adolescent School Girls in Riyadh City, KSA.” The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 70.2 (2018): 293-297.
17. Bandy, A., et al. “Hypertension and its risk factors among male adolescents in intermediate and secondary schools in Sakaka City, Aljouf Region of Saudi Arabia.” Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 22.8 (2019): 1140.
18. Alkahtani, Shaea A. “Pediatric hypertension in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.” Saudi medical journal vol. 36,6 (2015): 713-9. doi:10.15537/smj.2015.6.10479
19. Zhou B, Bentham J, DiCesare M, Bixby H, Danaei G, Cowan MJ, et al. NCD risk factor collaboration (NCD-RisC). World wide trends in blood pressure from 1975to2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants. Lancet. 2017;389(10064):37–55
20. Rosner B, Cook NR, Daniels S, Falkner B. Childhood blood pressure trends and risk factors for high blood pressure: the NHANES experience 1988–2008. Hypertension. 2013;62:247–254.
21. Narang R, Saxena A, Desai A, Ramakrishnan S, Thangjam RS, Kulkarni S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in apparently healthy schoolchildren in India: a multi-center study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25:1775–1784.
22. Zhai Y, Li WR, Shen C, Qian F, Shi XM. Prevalence and correlates of elevated blood pressure in chinese children aged 6-13 years: a Nationwide School-based survey. Biomed Environ Sci. 2015;28:401–409.
23. Fuly JT, Giovaninni NP, Marcato DG, Alves ER, Sampaio JD, Moraes LI, et al. Evidence of underdiagnosis and markers of high blood pressure risk in children aged 6 to 13 years. J Pediatr. 2014;90:65–70.
24. Shirasawa T, Shimada N, Ochiai H, Ohtsu T, Hoshino H, Nishimura R, et al. High blood pressure in obese and nonobese Japanese children: blood pressure measurement is necessary even in nonobese Japanese children. J Epidemiol. 2010;20:408–412.
25. Flynn J, Zhang Y, Solar-Yohay S, Shi V. Clinical and demographic characteristics of children with hypertension. Hypertension. 2012;60(4):1047–1054
26. Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, Poffenbarger T, Portman RJ. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics. 2004;113:475–82.
27. Orchard TJ, Forrest KY, Kuller LH, Becker DJ Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Lipid and blood pressure treatment goals for type 1 diabetes:10-year incidence data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1053–9.
28. Copeland KC, Zeitler P, Geffner M, et al. Characteristics of adolescents and youth with recent-onset type 2 diabetes:the TODAY cohort at baseline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:159–67.
29. Li AM, Au CT, Ng C, Lam HS, Ho CKW, Wing YK. A 4-year prospective follow-up study of childhood OSA and its association with BP. Chest. 2014;145:1255–63.
30. Dionne JM, Abitbol CL, Flynn JT. Hypertension in infancy:diagnosis, management and outcome [published correction appears in Pediatr Nephrol 2012 Jan 27(1) 159-60] Pediatr Nephrol. 2012;27:17–32
31. Dubov T, Toledano-Alhadef H, Chernin G, Constantini S, Cleper R, Ben-Shachar S. High prevalence of elevated blood pressure among children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016;31:131–6.
32. Chavers BM, Solid CA, Daniels FX, et al. Hypertension in pediatric long-term hemodialysis patients in the United States. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:1363–9.
33. Göknar, Nilüfer, and Salim Çalışkan. “New guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of pediatric hypertension.” Turk pediatri arsivi vol. 55,1 11-22. 9 Mar. 2020, doi:10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.92679
34. Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, et al. Subcommittee on Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;140:e20171904.
35. Lurbe E, Agabiti-Rosei E, Cruickshank JK, et al. 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hypertens. 2016;34:1887–1920.