Volume : 09, Issue : 12, December – 2022
Title:
01.REVIEW ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors :
Priya N Kothari, Anisha Kohale, Anuj Deshmukh, Amol V Sawale*,Kiran Humbarde, Riya Bhendkar, Shirin Bhuyar
Abstract :
Tuberculosis is a hypersensitive granulomatous infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the etiological agent of TB and currently more than one-third of the world population is suffering from TB. So need of knowledge about T.B, pathophysiology and treatment of T.B. to people or society. Pathophysiology means, when a human being or animal being suffering from a disease this is because deranged or change in function on that organ or human body. Infection is caused by airborne droplets of organisms person to person.For the treatment of TB, administration of multiple antibiotics such as isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol is required for long time period to kill the bacteria. Therefore antibiotic resistance is the emerging problem in multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) infections. World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a new strategy called DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course), in which specific combination of anti-TB drugs are given, to control TB.The main object of this project is how to diagnose and how it is cure or treat. In this, we have provided the valuable information about first and second line anti TB drugs, DOTS and novel drug delivery systems to be used against M. tuberculosis.
Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Studies, Treatment, DOTS.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Priya N Kothari et al, Review On Pathophysiology And Treatment Of Tuberculosis., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2022; 09(12).
Number of Downloads : 10
References:
[2] Kumar, V.; Abbas, A.K.; Fausto, N.; Mitchell, R.N. Robbins Basic Pathology. Saunders Elsevier, 2007; Ed 10th, pp. 516-522.
[3] Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2000, 161, 1376- 1395
[4] Golden, M.P.; Vikram, H.R. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis: an overview. Am. Fam. Physician., 2005, 72, 1761-1788.
[5] Jacob, J.T.; Mehta, A.K.; Leonard, M.K. Acute forms of tuberculosis in adults. Am. J. Med., 2009, 122, 12-17.
[6] Mainous, III. A.G.; Pomeroy, C. Management of Antimicrobials in Infectious Diseases: Impact of Antibiotic Resistance. 2nd ed.; Humana Press: New York, 2012.
[7] Alexander J. adami, Jorge L. Cervantes, themicrobiome at pulmonary alveolar niche and its role in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, tuberculosis, 2015, 95(6), 651-658
[8] Hachart. B. Pamela, “Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Transmission, Oakland Country Michiga Health Division, 2016, Page no. 6, 8, 12, 14, 20-28
[9] Hunter, R. L. Actor, J.K, Hwang, S.A., Karew, V and Jagannath, (2014). Pathogensis of Post Primary tuberculosis, Immunity and hypersensitivity in the development of cavities. Ann. Clin Lab. Sci., 44, 365-387.
[10] Thrupp L, Bradley S, Smith P, Simor A, Gantz N, et al. Tuberculosis prevention and control in long-term-care facilities for older adults. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004; 25:1097-1108
[11] Irene, G.S.; Mark, L.W. Current concepts in the management of tuberculosis. Mayo. Clin. Proc., 2014, 86, 348-361
[12] Goyot-Revol V, Innes JA, Hackforth S, Hinks T, Lalvani A. Regulatory T cells are expanded in blood and disease sites in patients with tuberculosis. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 2006;173:803-810. 16. Rosenkrands I, Slayden RA, Crawford J, et al
[13] Vaccines and preventable diseases: tuberculosis photos. Centers for. Last modified September 11, 2007. Accessed January 29, 2009.27. Leonard MK, Osterholt D, Kourbatova EV
[14] Hobby, G.L.; Lenert, T.F. The in vitro action of antituberculous agents against multiplying and non-multiplying microbial cells. Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1957, 76, 1031-1048.
[15] Dover, L.G.; Geoffrey, D. Current Status and Research Strategies in Tuberculosis Drug Development. J. Med. Chem., 2011, 54, 6157-6165.
[16] Kolyva, A.S.; Karakousis, P.C. Old and New TB Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance. Understanding Tuberculosis – New Approaches to Fighting Against Drug Resistance. In. Tech., 2012, 12, 209-232.
[17] Wright, A.; Bai, G.; Barrera, L.; Boulahbal, F.; Martín, C.N. Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with extensive resistance to second-line drugs worldwide. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep., 2006, 55, 301-305.
[18] Kaona, F.A.; Tuba, M.; Siziya, S.; Sikaona, L. An assessment of factors contributing to treatment adherence and knowledge of TB transmission among patients on TB treatment. BMC Public Health,2004, 4, 68.
[19] S.C Mehta, Ashutosh Kar.Pharmaceutial pharmacology . 2009 , 979-980.
[20] Shah, N.S.; Wright, A.; Bai, A.H.; Barrera, L. Worldwide Emergence of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2006, 13, 380-387.
[21] Tripathi, R.P.; Tewari, N.; Dwivedi. N.; Tiwari, V.K.; Fighting tuberculosis: an old disease with new challenges. Med. Res. Rev.; 2005, 25, 93-131.
[22] Gupta, A.; Pandya, S.M.; Mohammad, I.; Agrawal, A.K. Particulate Pulmonary Delivery Systems Containing Anti-Tuberculosis Agents. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst., 2013, 30, 277-291.
[23] Garcia, C.L.; Fiegel, J.; Telko, M.J.; Elbert, K.; Hawi, A.; Thomas, M.; VerBerkmoes, J.; Germishuizen, W.A.; Fourie, P.B.; Hickey, A.J.; Edwards, D. Inhaled large porous particles of capreomycin for treatment of tuberculosis in a guinea pig model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2007, 51, 2830-2836.
[24] Mizoe, T.; Ozeki, T.; Okada, H. Application of a four-fluid nozzle spray drier to prepare inhalable rifampicin-containing mannitol microparticles. AAPS. Pharm. Sci. Tech., 2008, 9, 755-761.
[25] Pandey, R.; Zahoor, A.; Sharma, S.; Khuller, G.K. Nanoparticle encapsulated antitubercular drugs as a potential oral drug delivery system against murine tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, 2003, 83, 373-378.
[26] Pandey, R.; Sharma, S.; Khuller, G.K. Chemotherapeutic efficacy of nanoparticle encapsulated antitubercular drugs. Drug Delivery, 2006, 13, 287-294.
[27] Ahmed, M.; Ramadan, W.; Rambhu, D.; Shakeel, F. Potential of nanoemulsion for intravenous delivery of rifampicin. Pharmazie, 2008, 63, 806-811.
[28] Peters, K.; Leitzke, S.; Diederichs, J.E.; Borner, K.; Hahn, H.; Müller, R.H.; Ehlers, S. (2000) Preparation of a clofazimine nanosuspension for intravenous use and evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy in murine Mycobacterium avium infection. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2000, 45, 77-83.
[29] Reverchon, E.; De, M.I.; Della, P.G. Rifampicin microparticles production by supercritical antisolvent precipitation. Int. J. Pharm., 2002, 243, 83-91.
[30] Shegokar, R.; Al, S.L.; Mitri, K. Present status of nanoparticle research for treatment of tuberculosis. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 14, 100-116.
[31] Kisich, K.O.; Gelperina, S.; Higgins, M.P.; Wilson, S.; Shipulo, E.; Oganesyan, E.; Heifets, L. Encapsulation of moxifloxacin within poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles enhances efficacy against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Pharm., 2007, 345, 154-162.
[32] Silva, M.; Lara, A.S.; Leite, C.Q.F.; Ferreira, E.I. Potential Tuberculostatic Agents: Micelle! Forming Copolymer Poly (ethylene glycol)! Poly (aspartic acid) Prodrug with Isoniazid. Archiv. der. Pharmazie., 2001, 334, 189-193.
[33] Adams, L.B.; Sinha, I.; Franzblau, S.G.; Krahenbuhl, J.L.; Mehta, R.T. Effective treatment of acute and chronic murine tuberculosis with liposome-encapsulated clofazimine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43,1638-1643.
[34] Gaspar, M.M.; Cruz, A.; Penha, A.F.; Reymao, J.; Sousa, A.C.; Eleuterio, C.V.; Domingues, S.A.; Fraga, A.G.; Cruz, M.E.M.; Pedrosa, J. Rifabutin encapsulated in liposomes exhibits increased therapeutic activity in a model of disseminated tuberculosis. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2008, 31, 37-45.