Volume : 09, Issue : 12, December – 2022

Title:

26.PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY OF ISOLATED PATIENTS WITH COVID-19

Authors :

Dr Rimsha Rameen, Dr Usaid, Dr Assad ullah

Abstract :

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) is a mortal and morbid disease. Literature about its psychiatric manifestations is lacking in pakistan. This study aimed to assess the rate of depression and anxiety among non-symptomatic adults’ with COVID-19). This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 280 patients at a COVID-19 isolation Hotel in Islamabad City, Pakistan during the period from May 2020 to November 2020. A structured questionnaire based on sociodemographic data, chronic diseases, smoking status, the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the seven-component anxiety questionnaire was used to interview the patients. The questionnaires have been previously validated. Verbal consent was taken from all the participants and The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Out of 280 patients with Covid-19 (64.6% males), their ages ranged from 18-80 with a mean of 34.62±11.21 years. Depression was reported in 23.1% and anxiety in 21.5%. Depression was associated with education (Wald 5.70, P-value=0.024, and 95% CI=0.07- 083), occupation (Wald 9.88, P-value=0.042), and anxiety (Wald 7.05, P-value=0.008, and 95% CI=0.18-0.77). No significant statistical differences were found regarding other parameters.Depression and anxiety among patients with COVID-19 were not different from those observed in the general population in Pakistan and were associated with sex, occupation, and education. Further multi-center studies focusing on psychiatric disorders among different occupations are needed.
KEYWORDS: Anxiety, depression, asymptomatic COVID-19, Saudi Arabia.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article Rimsha Rameen, et al, Prevalence And Factors Associated With Depression And Anxiety Of Isolated Patients With Covid-19., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2022; 09(12).

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

1. Mahase, E. China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds, 2020; 200: 408. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m408
2. Baker, M., Yokoe, D., Stelling, J., Kaganov, R., Letourneau, A., & O’Brien, T. et al. Automated Outbreak Detection of Hospital-Associated Infections. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2015; 2(1). doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofv131.60
3. Tognotti, E. Lessons from the History of Quarantine, from Plague to Influenza A. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2013; 19(2): 254-259. doi: 10.3201/eid1902.120312
4. Miles, S. Kaci Hickox: Public Health and the Politics of Fear. The American Journal of Bioethics, 2015; 15(4): 17-19. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2015.1010994
5. Rubin, G., & Wessely, S. The psychological effects of quarantining a city. BMJ 2020; 313. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m313
6. Acierno, R., Ruggiero, K., Galea, S., Resnick, H., Koenen, K., & Roitzsch, J. et al. Psychological Sequelae Resulting From the 2004 Florida Hurricanes: Implications for Postdisaster Intervention. American Journal Of Public Health, 2007; 97(1): S103-S108. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2006.087007
7. Mason, V., Andrews, H., & Upton, D. The psychological impact of exposure to floods. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 2010; 15(1): 61-73. doi: 10.1080/13548500903483478
8. Jeong, H., Yim, H., Song, Y., Ki, M., Min, J., Cho, J., & Chae, J. Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiology And Health, 2016; 38: e2016048. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2016048
9. Liu, X., Kakade, M., Fuller, C., Fan, B., Fang, Y., & Kong, J. et al. Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2012; 53(1): 15-23. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.003
10. Alkhamees, A., Alrashed, S., Alzunaydi, A., Almohimeed, A., & Aljohani, M. The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the general population of Saudi Arabia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2020; 102: 152192. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152192
11. Spitzer, R., Kroenke, K., Williams, J., & Löwe, B. A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Archives Of Internal Medicine, 2006; 166(10): 1092. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
12. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R., & Williams, J. The PHQ9. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2001; 16(9): 606-613. doi: 10.1046/j.1525- 1497.2001.016009606.x
13. Ma, Y., Li, W., Deng, H., Wang, L., Wang, Y., & Wang, P. et al. Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life in clinically stable patients with COVID-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020; 275: 145-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.033
14. Zhao Qian, Hu Caihong, Feng Renjie, et al. Anxiety, depression and physical symptoms in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia[J]. Chinese Journal of Neurology, 2020; 53(00): E003-E003. DOI: 10.3760/cma .j.cn113694-20200220-00102
15. Paz, C., Mascialino, G., Adana‐Díaz, L., Rodríguez‐Lorenzana, A., Simbaña‐Rivera, K., & Gómez‐Barreno, L. et al. Anxiety and depression in patients with confirmed and suspected COVID ‐19 in Ecuador. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2020; 74(10): 554-555. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13106
16. Al-Qadhi, W., ur Rahman, S., Ferwana, M., & Abdulmajeed, I. Adult depression screening in Saudi primary care: prevalence, instrument and cost. BMC Psychiatry, 2014; 14(1). doi: 10.1186/1471-244×14-190
17. Dai, L., Wang, X., Jiang, T., Li, P., Wang, Y., & Wu, S. et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. PLOS ONE, 2020; 15(8): e0238416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238416
18. Hu, Y., Chen, Y., Zheng, Y., You, C., Tan, J., & Hu, L. et al. Factors related to mental health of inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Brain, Behavior, And Immunity, 2020; 89: 587-593. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.016
19. Cai, S., Liao, W., Chen, S., Liu, L., Liu, S., & Zheng, Z. Association between obesity and clinical prognosis in patients infected with SARS-CoV2. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 2020; 9(1). doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00703-5
20. Kang, S., & Jung, S. Age-Related Morbidity and Mortality among Patients with COVID-19. Infection & Chemotherapy, 2020; 52(2): 154. doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.154
21. Ben-Kimhy, R., Youngster, M., Medina-Artom, T., Avraham, S., Gat, I., & Marom Haham, L. et al. Fertility patients under COVID-19: attitudes, perceptions and psychological reactions. Human Reproduction, 2020; 35(12): 2774-2783. doi:
22. Wang, Y., Di, Y., Ye, J., & Wei, W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 2020; 26(1): 13-22. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817
23. Cancarevic, I., & Malik, B. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) Infection in Hypertensive Patients and in Patients With Cardiac Disease. Cureus, 2020. doi: 10.7759/cureus.8557
24. Singh, A., Gupta, R., Ghosh, A., & Misra, A. Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2020; 14(4): 303-310. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.004