Volume : 09, Issue : 12, December – 2022
Title:
31.A REVIEW ON SCRUB TYPHUS
Authors :
Nakul S. Dhore*, Ajay W. Baitule
Abstract :
Scrub typhus is a zoonosis caused by the pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi). The disease has significant prevalence in eastern and Southeast Asia. Several methods are effectual for diagnosis of scrub typhus that includes ELISA, IFA, ICT, Weil–Felix, PCR. Moreover, issues related to diagnostic assays, treatment, and preventive measures are also enumerated and described. Scrub typhus is endemic to a geographically distinct region, the so-called tsutsugamushi triangle, which includes Japan, Taiwan, China, and South Korea. It also occurs in Nepal, Northern Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, and the Australian states of Queensland and Northern New South Wales. In India, the disease had occurred among troops during World War II in Assam and West Bengal, and in the 1965 Indo-Pak war.
Keywords: Scrub typhus, Orientia tsutsugamushi, diagnosis, treatment, symptoms, epidemiology, pathogenesis.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Nakul S. Dhore et al, A Review On Scrub Typhus.., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2022; 09(12).
Number of Downloads : 10
References:
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29. Bonell A, Lubell Y, Newton PN, Crump JA, Paris DH. Estimating the burden of scrub typhus: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Sep 25; 11(9):e0005838.
30. WHO (1974) Ecology and control of rodents of public health importance. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser: 1–42.
31. Rajapakse S, Rodrigo C, Fernando SD (2011) Drug treatment of scrub typhus. Trop Doct 41: 1–4.
32. Chogle A (2010) Diagnosis and treatment of scrub typhus–he Indian scenario. J Assoc Physicians India 58: 11.
2. Alison Luce-Fedrow; Marcie L. Lehman; Daryl J. Kelly; Kristin Mullins; Alice N. Maina; Richard L. Stewart; Hong Ge; Heidi St. John; Ju Jian; and Allen L. Richards- A Review of Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi and Related Organisms): Then, Now, and Tomorrow (Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2018, 3, 8)
3. Xu G, Walker DH, Jupiter D, Melby PC, Arcari CM (2017) A review of the global epidemiology of scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(11): e0006062.
4. Devasagayam E, Dayanand D, Kundu D, Kamath MS, Kirubakaran R, Varghese GM (2021) The burden of scrub typhus in India: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15(7): e0009619.
5. John Antony Jude Prakash- Scrub typhus: risks, diagnostic issues, and management challenges (Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 7 Aug 2017)
6. AR Chogle- Diagnosis and Treatment of Scrub Typhus – The Indian Scenario (© JAPI- January 2010 VOL. 58)
7. Rajendra prasad Takhar, Motilal Bunkar, Savita Arya, Nitin Mirdha, Arif Mohd- Scrub typhus: A prospective, observational study during an outbreak in Rajasthan, India (the national medical journal of india vol. 30, no. 2, 2017)
8. Pradeep M. Venkategowda, S. Manimala Rao1 , Dnyaneshwar P. Mutkule, Mallela V. Rao, Alai N. Taggu- Scrub typhus: Clinical spectrum and outcome (Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine April 2015 Vol 19 Issue 4)
9. Sayantani Chakraborty and Nilendu Sarma- Scrub Typhus: An Emerging Threat (Indian J Dermatol. 2017 Sep-Oct; 62(5): 478–485.)
10. Deepak Kala; Shagun Gupta; Rupak Nagraik; Vivek Verma; Atul Thakur; Ankur Kaushal- Diagnosis of scrub typhus: recent advancements and challenges (Springer 3 Biotech (2020) 10:396)
11. Sinha P, Gupta S, Dawra R, Rijhawan P. Recent outbreak of scrub typhus in North Western part of India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014;32:247–50. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
12. Ahmad S, Srivastava S, Verma SK, Puri P, Shirazi N. Scrub typhus in Uttarakhand, India: A common rickettsial disease in an uncommon geographical region. Trop Doct. 2010;40:188–90.
13. Paris DH, Blacksell SD, Newton PN, Day NP. Simple, rapid and sensitive detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi by loop-isothermal DNA amplification. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102:1239–46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
14. Gopal DS, Usha K, Kumar E, Kalawat U, Kumar BS, Chaudhary A, et al. Seroprevalence of scrub typhus among febrile patients: A preliminary study. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2014;7:19–21.
15. Mahajan SK. Scrub typhus. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005;53:954–8.
16. Koh GC, Maude RJ, Paris DH, Newton PN, Blacksell SD. Diagnosis of scrub typhus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010;82:368-70.
17. Vivekanandan M, Mani A, Priya YS, Singh AP, Jayakumar S, Purty S. Outbreak of scrub typhus in Pondicherry. J Assoc Physicians India 2010;58:24–8.
18. Varghese GM, Abraham OC, Mathai D, Thomas K, Aaron R, Kavitha ML, et al. Scrub typhus among hospitalised patients with febrile illness in South India: Magnitude and clinical predictors. J Infect 2006;52:56–60.
19. Vivekanandan M, Mani A, Priya YS, Singh AP, Jayakumar S, Purty S. Out Break of Scrub Typhus in Pondicherry. J Assoc Physician India 2009; 57 : 802-806.
20. Batra HV. Spotted fevers & typhus fever in Tamil Nadu. Indian J Med Res 2007; 126 : 101-103.
21. Zhang LY, Zhao ZT, Bi ZW, et al. Risk factors associated with severe scrub typhus in Shandong, northern China. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;29:203–207.
22. World Health Organization. WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO; 1999.
23. Rahi M, Gupte MD, Bhargava A, Varghese GM, Arora R. DHR-ICMR guidelines for diagnosis and management of rickettsial diseases in India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141(4):417–422.
24. Gupta N, Chaudhry R, Thakur CK. Determination of cutoff of ELISA and immunofluorescence assay for scrub typhus. J Glob Infect Dis. 2016;8(3):97–99
25. Rajapakse S, Weeratunga P, Sivayoganathan S, Fernando SD (2017) Clinical manifestations of scrub typhus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 111:43–54.
26. Mahajan SK et al (2006) Scrub typhus in Himalayas. Emerg Infect Dis 12:1590–1592.
27. Peter JV, Sudarsan TI, Prakash JAJ, Varghese GM (2015) Severe scrub typhus infection: clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and management. World J Crit Care Med 4:244–250.
28. Kannan K, John R, Kundu D, Dayanand D, Abhilash KPP, Mathuram AJ,et al. Performance of molecular and serologic tests for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Nov 12; 14(11): e0008747
29. Bonell A, Lubell Y, Newton PN, Crump JA, Paris DH. Estimating the burden of scrub typhus: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Sep 25; 11(9):e0005838.
30. WHO (1974) Ecology and control of rodents of public health importance. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser: 1–42.
31. Rajapakse S, Rodrigo C, Fernando SD (2011) Drug treatment of scrub typhus. Trop Doct 41: 1–4.
32. Chogle A (2010) Diagnosis and treatment of scrub typhus–he Indian scenario. J Assoc Physicians India 58: 11.