Volume : 09, Issue : 12, December – 2022
Title:
74.OVERVIEW OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF CLONIDINE/ BUPIVACAINE COMBINATION IN CAUDAL BLOCK
Authors :
Shaher Salem Hadi Alqahtani, Taher Mohammed Yaseen Bantan, SHADI Shareef M ALAMMRI, RAED HAMAD ALSULAMI, Anas Saeed Saeed Alghamdi, Albaraa Saeed Alradaddi, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Abdulaziz Alsaab, Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah Alabdali, Abdullatif Ahmad Abdullatif Maimny, Ayman Abdullah Ahmed Abuseer,
Abstract :
Caudal analgesia is the most frequently utilized regional anesthetic in pediatric surgery for lower abdominal, urological, and lower limb procedures. We did a narrative evaluation of the medical databases PubMed, Embase, and others for all relevant English-language publications published through the beginning of 2022. Clonidine 1 and 2 micro g/kg may be given safely to bupivacaine caudal blockade in small children undergoing ambulatory hernia surgery to increase the duration of analgesia compared to bupivacaine alone
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Shaher Salem Hadi Alqahtani et al, Overview Of Safety And Efficacy Of Clonidine/ Bupivacaine Combination In Caudal Block.., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2022; 09(12).
Number of Downloads : 10
References:
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2. Kumar P, Rudra A, Pan AK, Acharya A. Caudal additives in paediatrics: A comparison among midazolam, ketamine and neostigmine co-administered with bupivacaine. Anaesth Analg. 2005;101:69–73.
3. Prakash S, Tyagi R, Gogia AA, Singh R, Prakash S. Efficacy of three doses of tramadol with bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in paediatric inguinal herniotomy. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97(3):385–88.
4. Cook B, Grubb DJ, Aldridge LA, Doyle E. Comparison of the effects of adrenaline, clonidine and ketamine on the duration of caudal analgesia produced by bupivacaine in children. Br J Anaesth. 1995;75:698–701.
5. Koul A, Pant D, Sood J. Caudal Clonidine in Day-Care Paediatric Surgery. Indian J Anaesth. 2009;53(4):450–54.
6. Ivani G, De Negri P, Conio A, Amati M, Roero S, Giannone S, Lönnqvist PA. Ropivacaine-clonidine combination for caudal blockade in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000;44:446–49.
7. Morton N.S. Pain assessment in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 1997;4:26772.
8. Tsui B.C., Berde C.B. Caudal analgesia and anesthesia techniques in children. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2005;18:283–288.
9. Wolf A.R., Valley R.D., Fear D.W., et al. Bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in infants and children: The optimal effective concentration. Anesthesiology. 1988;69:102–106.
10. Fernandes M.L., Pires K.C.C., Tibúrcio M.A., et al. Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with morphine or clonidine, or supplemented with morphine plus clonidine in children undergoing infra-umbilical urological and genital procedures: a prospective, randomized and double-blind study. J Anesth. 2011;26:213–218.
11. De Beer D.A., Thomas M.L. Caudal additives in children – solutions or problems? Br J Anaesth. 2003;90:487–498.
12. Schnabel A., Poepping D.M., Pogatzki-Zahn E.M., et al. Efficacy and safety of clonidine as additive for caudal regional anesthesia: a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011;21:1219–1230.
13. OF, A.S. ASA New classification of physical status. Anesthesiology. 1963;24:111.
14. Ramsay M.A., Savege T.M., Simpson B.R., et al. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J. 1974;2:656–659.
15. Merkel S.I., Yopel Lewis T, Shayevitz J., et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997;23:293–297.
16. Feestini F., Dini D., Neri C., et al. Control of postoperative pain in children undergoing hypospadias surgery: quasi-experimental controlled trial. Assist Inferm Ric. 2008;27:197–201.
17. Sanwatsarkar S., Kapur S., Khan N. Comparative study of caudal clonidine and midazolam added to bupivacaine during infra-umbilical surgeries in children. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2017:3324–3347.
18. Tamsen A, Gorgh T. Epidural clonidine produces analgesia. Lancet. 1984:231–32.
19. Lonnqvist PA. Adjuncts to caudal block in children: Quo vadis? Br J Anaesth. 2005;95:431–33.
20. El-Hennawy AM, Abd-Elwahab AM, Abd-Elmaksoud AM, El-Ozairy HS, Boulis SR. Addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolongs caudal analgesia in children. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103:268–74.
21. Thakur A, Bharadwaj M, Kaur K, Dureja J, Hooda S, Taxak S. Intrathecal clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing inguinal herniorraphy: A randomised double-blinded study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013;29:66–70.
22. Sharpe P, Klein JR, Thompson JP, Rushman SC, Sherwin J, Wandless JG. Analgesia for circumcision in a paediatric population: comparison of caudal bupivacaine alone with bupivacaine plus two doses of clonidine. Paediatr Anaesth. 2001;11:695–700.
23. Eisenach JC, Lysak SZ, Viscomi CM. Epidural clonidine analgesia following surgery: phase I. Anaesthesiology. 1989;71:640–46.
24. Breschan C, Krumpholz R, Likar R, Kraschl R, Schalk HV. Can a dose of 2 mcg/kg caudal clonidine cause respiratory depression in neonates? Paediatr Anaesth. 1999;9:81–83.
25. Manickam A, Vakamudi M, Parameswari A, Chetan C. Efficacy of clonidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine for caudal analgesia in children undergoing subumbilical surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2012;28:185–89.
26. Motsch J, Bottiger BW, Bach A, Bohrer H, Skoberne T, Martin E. Caudal clonidine and bupivacaine for combined epidural and general anaesthesia in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41:877–83.
27. Hager H, Marhofer P, Sitzwohl C, Adler L, Kettner S, Semsroth M. Caudal clonidine prolongs analgesia of caudal ketamine in children. Anesth Analg. 2002;94:1169–72.
28. Nishina K, Mikawa K. Clonidine in paediatric anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2002;15:309–16.
29. Joshi W, Connelly NR, Freeman K, Reuben SS. Analgesic effect of clonidine added to bupivacaine 0.125% in paediatric caudal blockade. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004;14:483–6.
30. Wheeler M, Patel A, Suresh S, Roth AG, Birmingham PK, Heffner CL. The addition of clonidine 2 mcg/kg does not enhance the postoperative analgesia of a caudal block using 0.125% bupivacaine and epinephrine 1:200,000 in children: A prospective, double-blind, randomized study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15:476–83.
31. Sharpe P, Klein JR, Thompson JP, Rushman SC, Sherwin J, Wandless JG. Analgesia for circumcision in a paediatric population: Comparison of caudal bupivacaine alone with bupivacaine plus two doses of clonidine. Paediatr Anaesth. 2001;11:695–700.
2. Kumar P, Rudra A, Pan AK, Acharya A. Caudal additives in paediatrics: A comparison among midazolam, ketamine and neostigmine co-administered with bupivacaine. Anaesth Analg. 2005;101:69–73.
3. Prakash S, Tyagi R, Gogia AA, Singh R, Prakash S. Efficacy of three doses of tramadol with bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in paediatric inguinal herniotomy. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97(3):385–88.
4. Cook B, Grubb DJ, Aldridge LA, Doyle E. Comparison of the effects of adrenaline, clonidine and ketamine on the duration of caudal analgesia produced by bupivacaine in children. Br J Anaesth. 1995;75:698–701.
5. Koul A, Pant D, Sood J. Caudal Clonidine in Day-Care Paediatric Surgery. Indian J Anaesth. 2009;53(4):450–54.
6. Ivani G, De Negri P, Conio A, Amati M, Roero S, Giannone S, Lönnqvist PA. Ropivacaine-clonidine combination for caudal blockade in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000;44:446–49.
7. Morton N.S. Pain assessment in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 1997;4:26772.
8. Tsui B.C., Berde C.B. Caudal analgesia and anesthesia techniques in children. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2005;18:283–288.
9. Wolf A.R., Valley R.D., Fear D.W., et al. Bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in infants and children: The optimal effective concentration. Anesthesiology. 1988;69:102–106.
10. Fernandes M.L., Pires K.C.C., Tibúrcio M.A., et al. Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with morphine or clonidine, or supplemented with morphine plus clonidine in children undergoing infra-umbilical urological and genital procedures: a prospective, randomized and double-blind study. J Anesth. 2011;26:213–218.
11. De Beer D.A., Thomas M.L. Caudal additives in children – solutions or problems? Br J Anaesth. 2003;90:487–498.
12. Schnabel A., Poepping D.M., Pogatzki-Zahn E.M., et al. Efficacy and safety of clonidine as additive for caudal regional anesthesia: a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011;21:1219–1230.
13. OF, A.S. ASA New classification of physical status. Anesthesiology. 1963;24:111.
14. Ramsay M.A., Savege T.M., Simpson B.R., et al. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J. 1974;2:656–659.
15. Merkel S.I., Yopel Lewis T, Shayevitz J., et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997;23:293–297.
16. Feestini F., Dini D., Neri C., et al. Control of postoperative pain in children undergoing hypospadias surgery: quasi-experimental controlled trial. Assist Inferm Ric. 2008;27:197–201.
17. Sanwatsarkar S., Kapur S., Khan N. Comparative study of caudal clonidine and midazolam added to bupivacaine during infra-umbilical surgeries in children. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2017:3324–3347.
18. Tamsen A, Gorgh T. Epidural clonidine produces analgesia. Lancet. 1984:231–32.
19. Lonnqvist PA. Adjuncts to caudal block in children: Quo vadis? Br J Anaesth. 2005;95:431–33.
20. El-Hennawy AM, Abd-Elwahab AM, Abd-Elmaksoud AM, El-Ozairy HS, Boulis SR. Addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolongs caudal analgesia in children. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103:268–74.
21. Thakur A, Bharadwaj M, Kaur K, Dureja J, Hooda S, Taxak S. Intrathecal clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing inguinal herniorraphy: A randomised double-blinded study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013;29:66–70.
22. Sharpe P, Klein JR, Thompson JP, Rushman SC, Sherwin J, Wandless JG. Analgesia for circumcision in a paediatric population: comparison of caudal bupivacaine alone with bupivacaine plus two doses of clonidine. Paediatr Anaesth. 2001;11:695–700.
23. Eisenach JC, Lysak SZ, Viscomi CM. Epidural clonidine analgesia following surgery: phase I. Anaesthesiology. 1989;71:640–46.
24. Breschan C, Krumpholz R, Likar R, Kraschl R, Schalk HV. Can a dose of 2 mcg/kg caudal clonidine cause respiratory depression in neonates? Paediatr Anaesth. 1999;9:81–83.
25. Manickam A, Vakamudi M, Parameswari A, Chetan C. Efficacy of clonidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine for caudal analgesia in children undergoing subumbilical surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2012;28:185–89.
26. Motsch J, Bottiger BW, Bach A, Bohrer H, Skoberne T, Martin E. Caudal clonidine and bupivacaine for combined epidural and general anaesthesia in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41:877–83.
27. Hager H, Marhofer P, Sitzwohl C, Adler L, Kettner S, Semsroth M. Caudal clonidine prolongs analgesia of caudal ketamine in children. Anesth Analg. 2002;94:1169–72.
28. Nishina K, Mikawa K. Clonidine in paediatric anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2002;15:309–16.
29. Joshi W, Connelly NR, Freeman K, Reuben SS. Analgesic effect of clonidine added to bupivacaine 0.125% in paediatric caudal blockade. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004;14:483–6.
30. Wheeler M, Patel A, Suresh S, Roth AG, Birmingham PK, Heffner CL. The addition of clonidine 2 mcg/kg does not enhance the postoperative analgesia of a caudal block using 0.125% bupivacaine and epinephrine 1:200,000 in children: A prospective, double-blind, randomized study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15:476–83.
31. Sharpe P, Klein JR, Thompson JP, Rushman SC, Sherwin J, Wandless JG. Analgesia for circumcision in a paediatric population: Comparison of caudal bupivacaine alone with bupivacaine plus two doses of clonidine. Paediatr Anaesth. 2001;11:695–700.