Volume : 09, Issue : 10, October – 2022

Title:

20.EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS: NURSING REVIEW

Authors :

ABDULRHMAN AHMED ABDULLAH ALMOWALAD, Ali Abdullah Ali Alkathiri, Zaid Rashed Zaid Altamim, Bander Awed Faris Alshehri, Hassan bakheet Al beladi, Saud Fahad Yousef Alsalhani, Amal Abdulaziz Alshehri, Haya Mohasen Alshahri, Samia Mesaf Albeshrim, Boshra Fahad Alshreef, Sarah Ali Alsobhi, Bayan Yousuf Alowaydhi, Layla Saleh Albishri, Jaafar Ahmed Al-Tayari

Abstract :

A better understanding of the potential effects of environmental exposures on fetal and childhood growth is critical for public health because of the following factors: increased exposure levels to a variety of pollutants as a result of increased industrialization; the known ability of environmental pollutants to easily cross the placenta; plausible mechanisms linking environmental exposures to impaired fetal and childhood growth; and the influence of early life exposure. We search the electronic databases; PubMed, Embase for all papers that was published regarding our review’s topic, up to middle of 2021. The relevance of early environmental exposures in the development of childhood asthma is becoming more widely recognized. Although outdoor air pollution is a known asthma trigger, it is unknown whether exposure influences incident illness. There is some evidence that environmental toxins may play a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism (lead, PCBs, air pollution), respiratory and immunological health (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene – DDE – and PCBs), and obesity (DDE). Furthermore, there is now some evidence that some chemicals of recent concern, specifically perfluorooctanoate and foetal growth, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers and neurodevelopment, may be linked to poor child health outcomes.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in Abdulrhman Ahmed Abdullah Almowalad et al, Effects Of Childhood Exposure To Environmental Pollutants: Nursing Review., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2022; 09(10).

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

1. Spanier, A.J., Fiorino, E.K., Trasande, L., Bisphenol, A., 2014a. exposure is associated with decreased lung function. J. Pediatr. 164 (6), 1403–1408.
2. Valvi, D., Casas, M., Romaguera, D., et al., 2015. Prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood growth and blood pressure: evidence from the Spanish INMA-Sabadell birth cohort study. Environ. Health Perspect. 123 (10), 1022–1029.
3. Raanan, R., Harley, K.G., Balmes, J.R., et al., 2015. Early-life exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pediatric respiratory symptoms in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environ. Health Perspect. 123 (2), 179–185.
4. Miyashita, C., Sasaki, S., Ikeno, T., et al., 2015. Effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, methylmercury, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on birth size. Sci. Total Environ. 15 (533), 256–265. Mogensen, U.B., Grandjean, P., Heilmann, C., et al., 2015. Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates. Environ. Health 14 (1), 47.
5. Haberg SE, Stigum H, Nystad W, Nafstad P. Effects of pre-and postnatal exposure to parental smoking on early childhood respiratory health. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166(6):679–686.
6. Miller RL, Garfinkel R, Horton M, Camann D, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, environmental tobacco smoke, and respiratory symptoms in an inner-city birth cohort. Chest. 2004;126(4):1071–1078.
7. Braun, J.M., Kalkbrenner, A.E., Calafat, A.M., et al., 2011. Impact of early-life bisphenol a exposure on behavior and executive function in children. Pediatrics 128, 873–882.
8. Duramad, P., Tager, I.B., Holland, N.T., 2007. Cytokines and other immunological biomarkers in children’s environmental health studies. Toxicol. Lett. 172 (1–2), 48–59.
9. Ramakrishnan U, Stein AD, Parra-Cabrera S, Wang M, Imhoff-Kunsch B, Juarez-Marquez S, Rivera J, Martorell R. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy on gestational age and size at birth: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Mexico. Food Nutr Bull. 2010;31:S108–116.
10. Resano-Perez E, Mendez-Ramirez I, Shamah-Levy T, Rivera JA, Sepulveda-Amor J. Methods of the National Nutrition Survey 1999. Salud Publica Mex. 2003;45(Suppl 4):S558–564.
11. Raven J. The Raven’s progressive matrices: change and stability over culture and time. Cogn Psychol. 2000;41:1–48.
12. Rochester, J.R., 2013. Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature. Reprod. Toxicol. 42, 132–155.
13. Wu, K., Xu, X., Liu, J., et al., 2010. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in umbilical cord blood and relevant factors in neonates from Guiyu, China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 813–819.
14. Gascon, M., Morales, E., Sunyer, J., et al., 2013. Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the developing respiratory and immune systems: a systematic review. Environ. Int. 52, 51–65.’
15. Luebke, R.W., Parks, C., Luster, M.I., 2004. Suppression of immune function and susceptibility to infections in humans: association of immune function with clinical disease. J. Immunotoxicol. 1, 15–24.
16. Wigle, D.T., Arbuckle, T.E., Turner, M.C., et al., 2008. Epidemiologic evidence of relationships between reproductive and child health outcomes and environmental chemical contaminants. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 11 (5–6), 373–517.
17. MacIntyre, E.A., Gehring, U., Mölter, A., et al., 2014. Air pollution and respiratory infections during early childhood: an analysis of 10 European birth cohorts within the ESCAPE Project. Environ. Health Perspect. 122 (1), 107–113.
18. Chen, Z., Salam, M.T., Eckel, S.P., Breton, C.V., Gilliland, F.D., 2015. Chronic effects of air pollution on respiratory health in Southern California children: findings from the Southern California Children’s Health Study. J. Thorac. Dis. 7, 46–58.
19. MacIntyre, E.A., Gehring, U., Mölter, A., et al., 2014. Air pollution and respiratory infections during early childhood: an analysis of 10 European birth cohorts within the ESCAPE Project. Environ. Health Perspect. 122 (1), 107–113.
20. Gascon, M., Morales, E., Sunyer, J., et al., 2013. Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the developing respiratory and immune systems: a systematic review. Environ. Int. 52, 51–65.
21. Gascon, M., Sunyer, J., Casas, M., et al., 2014. Prenatal exposure to DDE and PCB 153 and respiratory health in early childhood: a meta-analysis. Epidemiology 25 (4), 544–553.
22. Canbaz, D., van Velzen, M.J., Hallner, E., et al., 2015. Exposure to organophosphate and polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants via indoor dust and childhood asthma. Indoor Air (May), http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ina.12221,
23. Liu, B., Jung, K.H., Horton, M.K., et al., 2012. Prenatal exposure to pesticide ingredient piperonyl butoxide and childhood cough in an urban cohort. Environ Int. 48, 156–161.
24. im JT, Lee HK. Metabolic syndrome and the environmental pollutants from mitochondrial perspectives. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2014;15:253–62.
25. Zota AR, Ettinger AS, Bouchard M, et al. Maternal blood manganese levels and infant birth weight. Epidemiology. 2009;20:367–73.
26. Chen L, Ding G, Gao Y, et al. Manganese concentrations in maternal-infant blood and birth weight. Environmental science and pollution research international. 2014;21:6170–5.