Volume : 10, Issue : 03, March – 2023
Title:
37.EVALUATION OF ANTI-PLATELET DRUGS IN ISCHEMIC STROKE AND TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK PATIENTS
Authors :
Ayesha Ambereen, Fakiha Firdous, Sara Ahmed Yadallah, Ruqsar Samreen, Suhail Syed, Dr. J. Raghuram*
Abstract :
Stroke is a neurological disorder that is characterized by blockage of blood vessels. Clots are formed in the brain and interrupt blood flow, thereby clogging arteries and causing blood vessels to break, leading to bleeding. The study evaluates the effective use of anti-platelet drugs in ischemic and transient ischemic attack patients by various parameters that contribute to the platelet therapy which include the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. Anti-platelet drugs like Aspirin and Clopidogrel are the most frequently prescribed drugs in the treatment of stroke presently. But studies have shown the risk symptoms worsen leading to adverse drug reactions in patients. 100 patients data were collected and analysed with different statistical methods.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the aptness, safe and effectiveness use, frequency of adverse drug reactions, cost-effectiveness of anti-platelet drugs in ischemic and transient ischemic attack patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study done for six months in the neurology department. A minimum of 100 cases of stroke were collected. These data were noted in the data collection sheet. Data include age, gender, diagnosis, lab reports, and drug therapy (drug prescribed, brand/generic name, dose, and duration). All the parameters were followed and this study analysis involve SPSS software version – 22.
RESULTS: In our study of 100 patients data were collected and analysed with different statistical methods which includes the mean method, standard deviation method, chi-square method, and ANOVA test. Our study showed the most common age group of patients was 61-70 years. The incidence for the males was 65% (N=65) and for females was 35% (N=35). The most common drug prescribed was Aspirin (78%) in the maximum number of patients. Results illustrate that the majority of patients were diagnosed with Acute ischemic stroke. The adverse reaction was seen in maximum percent of patients taking dual anti-platelet drug therapy. TAB ECOSPRIN is the most cost-effective drug among all the anti-platelet drugs prescribed.
CONCLUSION: It concludes the evaluation of anti-platelet drugs for safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack patients. Among all the anti-platelet drugs prescribed for stroke patients – Aspirin (TAB ECOSPRIN) has shown fewer adverse effects, more efficacy in treatment, and the highest percentage of cost-saving in stroke patients compared to all other mono and dual anti-platelet drug therapy.
Key Words: Anti-platelet drugs, Ischemic stroke, Transient ischemic attack, Aspirin, Adverse drug reactions, cost effectiveness.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press J. Raghuram et al, Evaluation Of Anti-Platelet Drugs In Ischemic Stroke And Transient Ischemic Attack Patients,Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2023; 10(03).
Number of Downloads : 10
References:
[1] Shakir R. The struggle for stroke reclassification. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2018;14:447–448. doi: 10.1038/s41582-018-0036-5.
[2] Hatano S. Experience from a multicentre stroke register: a preliminary report. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation. 1976;;54((5):):541––553.
[3] Caplan LR. Caplan’s Stroke: A Clinical Approach, 4th ed, Saunders Elsevier,; Philadelphia: 2009.. Basic pathology, anatomy, and pathophysiology of stroke. p. p.22.
[4] Simmatis, Leif. “Frontiers | The Impact of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) on Brain and Behavior|Behavioral Neuroscience.” Frontiers,https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00044/full.
[5] “World Health Organization (WHO) Definition of Stroke – Public Health.” Public Health, 17 Aug. 2020, https://www.publichealth.com.ng/world-health-organization-who-definition-of-stroke/.
[6] Adams HP, Jr,, Davis PH,, Leira EC,, Chang KC,, Bendixen BH,, Clarke WR,, et al. Baseline NIH Stroke Scale score strongly predicts outcome after stroke: A report of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). Neurology. 1999 Jul 13.;53((1):):126––131..
[7] Parmar,Paresh.“Stroke: Classification and Diagnosis.” Pharmaceutical Journal, Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 2018. Crossref, doi:10.1211/pj.2018.20204150.
[8] Giles MF, Rothwell PM. Risk of stroke early after transient ischaemic attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:1063–72.
[9] Khare, Supreet. “Risk Factors of Transient Ischemic Attack: An Overview.” Journal of Mid-Life Health, no. 1, Medknow, 2016, p. 2. Crossref, doi:10.4103/0976-7800.179166.
[10] Kuriakose, Diji, and Zhicheng Xiao. “Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, no. 20, MDPI AG, Oct. 2020, p. 7609. Crossref, doi:10.3390/ijms21207609.
[11] Kimura K, Minematsu K, Yasaka M. The duration of symptoms in transient ischemic attack. Neurology. 1999; 52: 976-980.
[12] Atanassova PA, Chalakova NT, Dimitrov BD. Major vascular events after transient ischaemic attack and minor ischaemic stroke: Post hoc modelling of incidence dynamics. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008; 25(3): 225-233.
[13] Leinonen JS, Ahonen JP, Lonnrot K, etal. Low plasma antioxidant activity is associated with high lesion volume and neurological impairment in stroke. Stroke. 2000; 31: 33–39.
[14] McCord JM. Oxygen-derived free radicals in postischemic tissue injury. N Engl J Med. 1985; 312: 159–163.
[15] Braughler JM, Hall ED. Central nervous system trauma and stroke, I: biochemical considerations for oxygen radical formation and lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med. 1989; 6: 289–301.
[16] DiPiro, Joseph T., et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, Tenth Edition. McGraw Hill Professional, 2017.