Volume : 11, Issue : 11, November – 2024

Title:

A REVIEW ON ALCOHOL INDUCED HEPATITIS

Authors :

*Mr. M. Akhil, Dr. C. Bhuvaneswar Rao, Dr. K. Venugopal

Abstract :

About one-third of those with extensive histories of high alcohol consumption develop alcoholic hepatitis. High short-term mortality, financial strain, and hospital resource use are all linked to it. When alcohol use disorder is present, alcoholic hepatitis, a potentially fatal consequence of alcohol addiction, usually manifests as hepatitis symptoms and indicators. A liver biopsy is necessary for the final diagnosis, albeit this is usually not necessary. The most serious clinical manifestation of alcoholic liver disease is alcoholic hepatitis. Abstinence is the primary means of recovery for alcoholic hepatitis, which has a bad prognosis in the absence of an appropriate pharmaceutical treatment. Since alcohol use disorders are becoming more widespread, alcoholic hepatitis’s effects on society and medical expenses are predicted to rise sharply. While recent advancements in the pathophysiology of alcoholic hepatitis are promising and may lead to new treatment approaches, it is important to emphasize a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account the prompt detection and management of liver-related complications, infectious and metabolic diseases, malnutrition, and addiction counselling. In addition to appropriate candidate selection, transplant programs should offer sufficient post-transplant addiction care to make early liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis the most sobering experience in the upcoming ten years.
Keywords: Alcoholic Hepatitis, Alcoholic Liver Disease, Addiction, Corticosteroids, Liver Transplantation.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press M. Akhil et al., A Review On Alcohol Induced Hepatitis..,Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2024; 11 (11).

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

1. Alcohol-attributable deaths and years of potential life lost — United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004; 53:866-70.
2. Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 2004;291: 1238-45. [Erratum, JAMA 2005;293:293-4.]
Vaillant GE. The natural history of alcoholism revisited. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1995.
4. Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Costa G, et al. Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. Gut 1997; 41:845-50.
5. Becker U, Deis A, Sørensen TI, et al. Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex, and age: a prospective population study. Hepatology 1996;23: 1025-9.
6. de Alwis W, Day CP. Genetics of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 2007; 27:44 54.
7. Nishiguchi S, Kuroki T, Yabusako T, et al. Detection of hepatitis C virus anti bodies and hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1991; 14:985-9.
8.Teli MR, Day CP, Burt AD, Bennett MK, James OF. Determinants of progression to cirrhosis or fibrosis in pure alcoholic fatty liver. Lancet 1995; 346:987-90.
9.Naveau S, Giraud V, Borotto E, Aubert A, Capron F, Chaput JC. Excess weight risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1997; 25:108-11.
10. Cohen JA, Kaplan MM. The SGOT/ SGPT ratio — an indicator of alcoholic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24:835-8.
11. Vech RL, Lumeng L, Li TK. Vitamin B6 metabolism in chronic alcohol abuse: the effect of ethanol oxidation on hepatic pyridoxal 5′-phosphate metabolism. J Clin Invest 1975; 55:1026-32.
12. Ludwig S, Kaplowitz N. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on serum and liver transaminases in experimental liver injury in the rat. Gastroenterology 1980; 79:545-9.
13.Matloff DS, Selinger MJ, Kaplan MM. Hepatic transaminase activity in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1980;78: 1389-92.
14. Mutimer DJ, Burra P, Neuberger JM, et al. Managing severe alcoholic hepatitis complicated by renal failure. Q J Med 1993; 86:649-56.
15. Nagy LE: The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(2):237–50. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. Tian C, Stokowski RP, Kershenobich D, et al.: Variant in PNPLA3 is associated with alcoholic liver disease. Nat Genet. 2010;42(1):21–3. 10.1038/ng.488 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; F1000 Recommendation
17. Konturek PC, Harsch IA, Konturek K, et al. : Gut–Liver Axis: How Do Gut Bacteria Influence the Liver? Med Sci (Basel). 2018;6(3): pii: E79. 10.3390/medsci6030079 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; F1000 Recommendation.
18. Addolorato G, Leggio L, Ferrulli A, et al. Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet 2007; 370:1915-22.
19. Spahr L, Rubbia-Brandt L, Pugin J, et al. Rapid changes in alcoholic hepatitis histology under steroids: correlation with soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in hepatic venous blood. J Hepatol 2001; 35:582-9.
20. Imperiale TF, McCullough AJ. Do corticosteroids reduce mortality from alcoholic hepatitis? A meta-analysis of the ran domized trials. Ann Intern Med 1990;113: 299-307.
21. Everhart JE, Beresford TP. Liver trans plantation for alcoholic liver disease: a sur vey of transplantation programs in the United States. Liver Transpl Surg 1997;3: 220-6.
22. Veldt BJ, Lainé F, Guillygomarc’h A, et al. Indication of liver transplantation in severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis: quantitative evaluation and optimal timing. J He patol 2002; 36:93-8.
23. Nguyen-Khac E, Thevenot T, Piquet M-A, Benfer hat S, Goria O, Chatelain D, et al. Glucocorticoids plus N-Acetylcysteine in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;365(19):1781–9. [PubMed: 22070475].
24. Leggio L, Kenna GA, Ferrulli A, Zywiak WH, Caputo F, Swift RM, et al. Preliminary findings on the use of metadoxine for the treatment of alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011;26(8):554–9. [PubMed: 22095793].
25. Mookerjee RP, Sen S, Davies NA, Hodges SJ, Williams R, Jalan R. Tumour necrosis factor alpha is an important mediator of portal and systemic haemodynamic derangements in alcoholic hepatitis. Gut 2003; 52:1182-7.
26. Boetticher NC, Peine CJ, Kwo P, et al. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled multicentre trial of etanercept in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:1953-60.
27. Stickel F, Hoehn B, Schuppan D, Seitz HK. Nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease. Aliment Pharmocol Ther 2003; 18:357-73.
28. Cabré E, Rodríguez-Iglesias P, Caballeria J, et al. Short- and long-term outcome of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis treated with steroids or enteral nutrition: a multicentre randomized trial. Hepatology 2000; 32:36-42.