Volume : 12, Issue : 12, December- 2025
Title:
DIURETICS: A REVIEW OF THE PHARMACOLOGY AND EFFECTS ON GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS
Authors :
Ms. Nikita Shivchand Rathod, Ms.Komal D. Rathod
Abstract :
Diuretics are a diverse group of pharmacological agents widely used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and various oedematous conditions. These drugs promote the excretion of sodium and water from the kidneys, thereby reducing extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. However, beyond their cardiovascular benefits, diuretics have been shown to influence glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The impact on glucose homeostasis varies among different classes of diuretics, such as thiazides, loop diuretics, and potassium sparing agents. Thiazide diuretics, in particular, may impair glucose tolerance through mechanisms involving hypokalaemia, reduced insulin secretion, and altered carbohydrate metabolism. In contrast, potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone and amiloride tend to have minimal or even beneficial effects on glucose regulation. Understanding these pharmacological actions and metabolic interactions is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies, especially in patients with or at risk of diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes the pharmacology of major diuretic classes and discusses their physiological and clinical effects on glucose homeostasis, highlighting implications for safe and effective clinical use.
Keywords: Thiazides, Hyperglycaemia, metabolic syndrome, loop diuretics, insulin, overweight, hypertension, diabetes ……
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Nikita Shivchand Rathod et al., Diuretics: A Review Of The Pharmacology And Effects On Glucose Homeostasis, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12(12).
Number of Downloads : 10
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