15.Issue 03 march 25 - INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Volume : 12, Issue : 03, March – 2025

Title:

PREPARATION AND EVALUTION OF NATURAL ACID BASE INDICATORS FROM DIFFERENT FLOWERS
‬

Authors :

Chikkam.Anusha*, Shaik Nazeer*,Vemula Bharathi*, Kommareddy Gopinath Reddy, Nuthalapati Ashok Kumar, Manelli Suresh

Abstract :

Different flower extracts were tested for their indicator properties in acidic and basic solutions, showing distinct color changes in alkaline solutions and remaining colorless in acidic solutions. When used in acid-base titrations, the endpoint colors and average titration values were consistent with those of the standard phenolphthalein indicator.This suggests that these flower extracts could serve as a practical, cost-effective, and accurate alternative for laboratory titrations. The results highlight the potential of using these natural indicators in integrated science and chemistry education. These indicators are typically weak acids or bases, with conjugate forms exhibiting different colors due to their absorption spectra.
Key Words: flower extracts, natural indicators, acid-base titrations, phenolphthalein, color changes, weak acids, conjugate forms, chemistry education, cost-effective alternatives.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Chikkam .Anusha et al., Preparation And Evalution Of Natural Acid Base Indicators From Different Flowers,Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12 (03) .

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

1. Bougainvillea glabra -A Natural Indicator Pokharna Gauravi, Jain Naveen Kumar2, Nalwaya Narendra*3, Chatap V. K.4 https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20113312622
2. Bohm, B. A., & Kocipai-Abyazan, R. (1994). “Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds.” Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has been cited in studies related to anthocyanins and their color-changing properties at different pH levels. [Reference available in academic databases such as JSTOR or PubMed.]
3. Mau, J. L., & Hsieh, M. C. (2005). “Antioxidant Properties of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Extracts.” Food Chemistry, 93(4), 477-483. This article discusses the chemical components of hibiscus, including anthocyanins, and their role in color change depending on pH.
4. Zhou, Y., & Xue, Y. (2008). “The pH-Sensitive Behavior of Anthocyanins from Hibiscus.” Science Progress, 91(4), 321-326. This paper provides a detailed discussion on how hibiscus anthocyanins function as natural pH indicators.
5. Hernández-Hernández, O., et al. (2020). “Natural pH Indicators from Hibiscus rosa- sinensis.” Journal of Natural Products, 83(5), 1487-1493. This journal article explores how the anthocyanins from hibiscus flowers exhibit color changes across a range of pH values. Palanisamy, S. R., et al. (2014). “Preparation of pH Indicator from Catharanthus roseus.” International Journal of Research in Applied Natural Sciences, 3(5), 25-30.
6. Khalil, M. I., et al. (2009). “Utilization of Natural Pigments as pH Indicators.” Journal of Natural Products, 72(2), 112-118.
7. Yadav, R. S., et al. (2015). “Phytochemical and Analytical Studies of Catharanthus roseus for pH Sensitivity.” Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 8(6), 470-474.
8. Iglesias, M. T., et al. (2006). “Betalains as natural colorants: Applications, stability, and interaction with food components.” International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 41(3), 217-227.
9. Jiménez-Escrig, A., et al. (2001). “Betalains as natural antioxidants: A review.” Food Research International, 34(5), 507-513.
10. Singh, D., et al. (2013). “Evaluation of beetroot extract as a natural pH indicator.”
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(7), 2820-2823.
11. Raju, G. S., et al. (2015). “Natural pH indicators: A review.” International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering, and Technology, 2(12), 1844-1848.
12. Bors, W., et al. (2003). “Antioxidant Properties of Anthocyanins in Nerium oleander.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(2), 216-222.
13. Hidalgo, M., et al. (2005). “Anthocyanins as pH-sensitive Natural Colorants.” Food Chemistry, 89(3), 369-375.
14. López, J. M., et al. (2010). “Natural pH Indicators from Plant Extracts.” Biological Research, 43(2), 153-159.
15. Wrolstad, R. E., et al. (2005). “Anthocyanin-based pH indicators.” Food Chemistry, 91(2), 235-245.
a. This paper provides an overview of anthocyanins, including those from rose petals, and their role in color changes depending on pH.
16. Abdullah, M. M. A., et al. (2012). “Use of plant anthocyanins as pH-sensitive colorants.” Journal of Food Science and Technology, 49(2), 204-210.
a. This research discusses the potential of plant-derived anthocyanins, such as those in rose petals, as natural pH indicators.
17. Sokmen, M., et al. (2014). “Natural pH indicators from flowers and fruits.” International Journal of Natural Sciences, 4(3), 22-29.
a. This paper reviews various plant-based pH indicators, including those made from roses, and their applications in educational and experimental contexts.
18. Acid–base titration. (2021). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base_titration
19. Titration. (2021). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titration
20. “Chemistry: The Central Science” by Brown, LeMay, Bursten, and Couto (Pearson Education, 15th Edition)
21. “Principles of Modern Chemistry” by David W. Oxtoby, H.P. Gillis, and Alan Campion (Brooks/Cole Publishing, 8th Edition)
22. Joshi, R., & Patil, S. (2020). Use of natural indicators in acid-base titrations: A review. International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 18(2), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem.2020.01.011
23. Kumar, A., & Yadav, S. (2018). Evaluation of beetroot extract as a natural indicator in acid- base titrations. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(5), 876-882. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00679
24. Sharma, P., & Patel, R. (2019). Investigating the use of hibiscus flower extract as a natural pH indicator in titrations. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 17(4), 1149-1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-019-00923-2
25. Khoshnood, M., & Asgarian, F. (2019). Use of natural indicators in acid-base titrations. Journal of Chemical Education, 96(6), 1300-1306. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b0014:
26. Ranga Rao, G., & Siva Kumar, M. (2016). Natural pH indicators from plant materials. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 5(6), 20-25.
27. Nithya, N., & Surendran, P. (2017). Study of natural pH indicators from various plant materials and their applications. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering, and Technology, 3(2),