Volume : 12, Issue : 11, November – 2025

Title:

SPIRULINA-MEDIATED GREEN SYNTHESIS OF VANADIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Authors :

Neelakshi Kushwaha, Nirbhik Karan, Dev Sharan Chaturvedi, Jeetendra Kushwaha

Abstract :

Spirulina platensis extract was successfully utilized for the green synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles (VONPs). The prepared Spirulina extract contained significant bioactive components such as proteins, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and polysaccharides, which contributed to the stabilization and synthesis of VONPs. The protein concentration of 18 mg/mL, chlorophyll concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, carotenoid concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, and polysaccharide concentration of 4 mg/mL were determined through various assays. These bioactive compounds played a crucial role in reducing metal ions and stabilizing the nanoparticles during the synthesis process. The characterization of the synthesized VONPs using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) revealed that the nanoparticles had a spherical shape, a narrow size distribution, and a mean particle size ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm. The VONPs exhibited excellent stability with a relatively low Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.28 and a Zeta Potential of -25 mV. These results indicated that Spirulina extract effectively stabilized the nanoparticles and prevented agglomeration, making them suitable for potential applications in biomedical fields such as drug delivery. The study also explored the effects of various synthesis parameters, including vanadium precursor concentration, Spirulina extract-to-precursor ratio, pH, and temperature. The results showed that a neutral pH (pH 7) and room temperature were optimal for producing stable, smaller nanoparticles with minimal aggregation. A higher Spirulina extract-to-precursor ratio resulted in more stable nanoparticles with a uniform size distribution. Compared to chemically synthesized VONPs, the green synthesis route using Spirulina extract yielded smaller, more uniform, and better-stabilized nanoparticles, offering several advantages, such as lower environmental impact and reduced cost. Overall, the findings demonstrate that green synthesis using Spirulina extract is a promising, eco friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods for nanoparticle production.
Keywords- Spirulina, Vanadium Oxide, FTIR, SEM, TEM .

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Neelakshi Kushwaha et al., Spirulina-Mediated Green Synthesis Of Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles: Structural And Morphological Characterization, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12(11).

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