Volume : 12, Issue : 10, October – 2025
Title:
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF CAFFEINE
Authors :
Varalakshmi Naik Banavath*, P. Umadevi, Dr. D. Venkata Ramana.
Abstract :
The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate a Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS) of caffeine using natural and synthetic polymers such as Gum Copal, Gum Damar, and Ethyl Cellulose. Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract, requires a formulation that ensures prolonged gastric retention to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.
Floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method, incorporating sodium bicarbonate as a gas-generating agent to achieve buoyancy. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters including hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, floating lag time, total floating duration, and in vitro drug release.
Among the various formulations, the optimized batch exhibited a floating lag time of less than 1 minute and sustained buoyancy for more than 12 hours. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated controlled and prolonged release of caffeine over 12 hours, with a cumulative drug release exceeding 99.38%. The combination of Gum Copal, Gum Damar, and Ethyl Cellulose contributed to the sustained matrix formation and floating efficiency.
The study concludes that the developed floating tablet formulation of caffeine using both natural and synthetic polymers can be a promising approach for gastroretentive drug delivery, offering improved
Keywords: Formulate and Evaluate a Floating Drug Delivery System , Caffeine , Gum Copal, Gum Damar, and Ethyl Cellulose
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Varalakshmi Naik Banavath et al., Formulation And Evaluation Of Floating Drug Delivery System Of Caffeine, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12(10).
REFERENCES:
1. Leon lachman, herbert a. Liberman, the theory and practice of industrial pharmacy: p.293-302.
2. Robinson jr, lee v.h.l, controlled drug delivery: fundamentals and applications, 2nd edn. Marcel dekker, new york: (1978) p.24-36.
3. Brahmankar d.m, jaiswal s.b, biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics a treatise, 1st ed. Vallabh prakashan; new delhi: (1995) p.64-70.
4. Chein y.w, novel drug delivery systems, 2nd ed.: marcel dekker; new york: (1992) p.4-56.
5. Ansel, pharmaceutical dosage form and drug delivery system, lipincott, 7th edition: p. 553.
6. Gennaro r.a. Remington,the science and practice of pharmacy., 20th ed. New york : lippincott williams: (2000) p.1045.
7. Banker g.s, rhodes c.t, modern pharmaceutics. 3rd ed. Marcel dekker, new york: (1996) p.678-721.
8. Vyas s.p, khar r.k, controlled drug delivery: concepts and advances, 1st ed. Vallabh prakashan, new delhi: (2002) p.345-376.
9. Shweta arora, floating drug delivery: a review, aaps pharmscitech., (2005): 47(11); p.268-272.
10. Libo yang, a new intragastric delivery system for the treatment of h.pylori associated with gastric ulcers, elsevier j. Of controlled release., apr(1999): 34 (5); p. 215-222.
11. Ross and wilson, anatomy physiology and health education. 9th ed. Churchil livingston, p. 295-311.
12. Wilson k.r.w, waugh a. Anatomy and physiology in health and illness, 9th ed. Churchill livingstone: london: (1996). P. 342-345.
13. Garima chawla- a means to address regional variability in intestinal drug absorption: pharmtech., (2003) p.234-238.
14. Chawla g, gupta p, koradia v, bansal a, gastroretention: a means to address regional variability in intestinal drug absorption, pharm. Tech., (2003); p.50-68.
15. Desai s, bolton s. A floating controlled release system: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation, j. Pharm. Res., (1993): 10; p.1321-1325.
16. Garg s, sharma s. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems, pharmatech, (2003): p.160-164.
17. Dr.jose, khalid shah, gastroretentive drug delivery system, business brief, pharmtech., (2003) p. 165-173.
18. Deshpande a.a, shah n.h, rhodes c.t, development of a novel controlled release system for gastric retention, j. Pharm. Res., (1997): 14(6); p. 815-819.
19. Garima chawla- a means to address regional variability in intestinal drug absorption: pharmtech., (2003) p.234-238.
20. David s.s. The effect of density on the gastric emptying on single and multiple unit dosage forms. J. Pharm res., (1986): 3; p.208-213.
21. H.g. Sivakumar, floating drug delivery system for prolonged gastric residence time: a review, ind. J. Pharm. Edu., oct-dec-2004 p.311-316.
22. B.n.singh, h.kim, floating drug delivery system an approach to control drug delivery via gastric retention, j. Controlled release., (2000): 63(7); p. 235-259.
23. B.y.choi, h.j.park, preparation of alginate beads for floating drug delivery system: effect of co2 gas forming agent. J. Contolled release., (2000): 25(6); p.488-491.
24. Ingani h.m, timmermans j, moes a.j, concept and in-vivo investigation of peroral sustained release floating dosage forms with enhanced gastrointestinal transit, int. J. Pharm., (1987): (35); p.157-164.
25. Bhavana v, khopade a.j, jain w.d, shelly and jain n.k, targeted oral drug delivery, indian drugs., (1996): (33); p. 365-373.
26. Roop k. Khar, controlled drug delivery, gastroretentive system 4th edn. P. 202-203
27. Hradman j.g, limbrid, goodman gilman’s, the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 10th edn, newyork: (2001); p. 1765.
28. Ichikawa m, watanabe s, miyake y, a new multiple-unit oral floating dosage system: preparation and in-vitro evaluation of floating and sustained-release characteristics, j. Pharm. Sci., (1991): (80); p.1062-1066.
29. Abubakr o. Nur and jun s. Zhang, captopril floating and/or bioadhesive tablets: design and release kinetics, taylor & francis: (2000):26( 9); p.965 – 969.
30. Menon a, wolfgang a.r, saks a. Development and evaluation of a monolithic floating dosage form for furosemide, j. Pharm. Sci., (1994): (83): p. 239-245.
31. Ozdemir n, ordu s, ozkan y. Studies of floating dosage forms of furosemide: in-vitro and in vivo evaluations of bilayer tablet formulations, drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm., (2000); p.857-866.
32. Xu x, sun m, floating matrix dosage form for phenaporlaminehcl based on gas forming agent, int. J. Pharm (2006): 25(4); p.324-332.
33. Srivastava a.k, wadwa s. Oral sustain delivery of atenolol from floating matrix tablets and invitro evaluation, drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm., (2005): 31(45); p.367-374.
34. Wie j.p, huang, preparation of the 5-fluoro uracil floating sustain release tablets for gastric retention, beijing, da xue xue bao: (2004):36(4); p.493-442.
35. Streubel a, siepmann j, bodmeier r, floating matrix tablets based on low density foam powder: effects of formulation and processing parameters on drug release, eur. J. Pharm. Sci., (2003): (18) : p.37-45.
36. Nur o.a, zhang j.s, captopril floating and/or bioadhesive tablets: design and release kinetics, drug dev. Ind. Pharm., (2000): 26(9); p.965-969.
37. Dao y, development and pharmacokinetic study of miocamycin sustain release tablet remaining floating in stomach, drug. Dis. Delivery., (1998); p.165-75.
38. Dr.shenoy, hand book pharmaceutical chemicals, multitech publication, (2000); p.204.
39. Kibbe, american pharmacetical assosiation and pharmaceutical society of great britain. Hand book of pharmaceutical excipients, 3rd end. (1986).
40. Mendhan j, denney r.c, barnes d.j, thomas m. Vogel’s textbook of quantitative chemical analysis, 6th ed. Pearson education ltd: new delhi: (2000); p.367-384.
41. Himasankar k, design and biopharmaceutical evaluation of gastric floating drug delivery system of metformin hcl, ind. J. Pharm.edu., jan-mar (2006):40(1); p.369-382.
42. M. Sravanthi*, dr. K. Abbulu and aastha saxena “formulation and evaluation of bilayer floating tablets of amlodipine besylate and metoprolol succinate” ipp, (2014):2 (1); 328-339,
43. Martindale: thirty first edition, the complete drug reference. P.102.1
44. Darshika Goswami, Aakash Panwar, Vanshika Rathore, Aman Karma, Navdeep Jaiswal and B. N. Birla. Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Tablet of Atorvastatin Calcium. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 13, Issue 11, 2024.
45. Susma Acharya, Jitendra Pandey, Hari Prasad Joshi, Gyanu Parajuli, Narayani Poude, Srijana Poude, Shila Gurung. Formulation and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Tablet of Amlodipine Besylate Using Natural Organic Polymers. Int J App Pharm, Vol 14, Issue 4, 2022.
46. Jonathan Tinotenda Chanyandura, Madan Sai Poka, Patrick Hulisani Demana, Musa Autamashih, Formulation and evaluation of gastro-retentive floating tablets of griseofulvin. doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2022.5293,2022.
47. Sanjesh Rathi, Sohansinh Vaghela, Raj Shah, Shrenik Shah. Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Tablets of Febuxostat. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 14(10), 2021.