Volume : 12, Issue : 09, September – 2025
Title:
EPILEPTIC SEIZURE: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors :
Varsha V , Jayachandran T P , Anupa M Chandran
Abstract :
The neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social repercussions of seizure recurrences, as well as an enduring (i.e., persistent) propensity to produce seizures that is not triggered by any acute central nervous system damage, are the hallmarks of epilepsy, a chronic brain disorder. Globally, epilepsy affects people of all ages and genders. A thorough summary of the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic standards, and treatment approaches of epilepsy is given in this article. Current antiepileptic medications are effective in 60–70% of patients and reduce seizures without changing the underlying propensity to produce seizures. The causes of epilepsy include immunological, metabolic, and viral variables as well as structural and genetic disorders of the brain. In order to determine the cause and categorize the type of seizure, EEG, imaging, and laboratory testing are used to support the largely clinical diagnosis of epilepsy. AEDs are the first-line treatment for epilepsy; refractory patients are treated with surgery, neuromodulation, or dietary changes.
Keywords : Epilepsy , Hypersynchronous neuronal firing , Oxidative stess , Treatment
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Varsha V et al., Epileptic Seizure: A Short Review, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2025; 12(09).
REFERENCES:
1. Beghi E. Overview of studies to prevent posttraumatic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2003 Oct; 44:21-6.
2. Milligan TA. Epilepsy: a clinical overview. The American Journal of Medicine. 2021 Jul 1;134(7):840- 7.
3. Yin YH, Ahmad N, Makmor-Bakry M. Pathogenesis of epilepsy: challenges in animal models. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2013 Nov;16(11):1119.
4. LaRoche SM, Helmers SL. The new antiepileptic drugs: scientific review. Jama. 2004 Feb 4;291(5):605-14.
5. Anwar H, Khan QU, Nadeem N, Pervaiz I, Ali M, Cheema FF. Epileptic seizures. Discoveries. 2020 Jun 12;8(2):e110.
6. Vera-González A. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the etiologies of seizures and epilepsy. Exon Publications. 2022 Apr 2:1-3.
7. Engelborghs S, D’hooge R, De Deyn PP. Pathophysiology of epilepsy. Acta neurologica belgica. 2000 Dec 1;100(4):201-13.
8. Bromfield EB, Cavazos JE, Sirven JI. Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy. 2006. American Epilepsy Society. 2020.
9. Bozzi Y, Provenzano G, Casarosa S. Neurobiological bases of autism–epilepsy comorbidity: a focus on excitation/inhibition imbalance. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2018 Mar;47(6):534-48.
10. Scharfman HE. The neurobiology of epilepsy. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2007 Jul;7(4):348-54.
11. Geronzi U, Lotti F, Grosso S. Oxidative stress in epilepsy. Expert review of neurotherapeutics. 2018 May 4;18(5):427-34.
12. Aguiar CC, Almeida AB, Araújo PV, Abreu RN, Chaves EM, Vale OC, Macêdo DS, Woods DJ, Fonteles MM, Vasconcelos SM. Oxidative stress and epilepsy: literature review. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2012;2012(1):795259.
13. Vera-González A. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the etiologies of seizures and epilepsy. Exon Publications. 2022 Apr 2:1-3.
14. Engel Jr J. The emergence of neurosurgical approaches to the treatment of epilepsy. InFrom Neuroscience To Neurology 2005 Jan 1 (pp. 81-105). Academic Press.
15. Thijs RD, Surges R, O’Brien TJ, Sander JW. Epilepsy in adults. The lancet. 2019 Feb 16;393(10172):689-701.
16. Devinsky O, Vezzani A, O’Brien TJ, Jette N, Scheffer IE, De Curtis M, Perucca P. Epilepsy Nat Rev Dis Primers 4: 18024 [Internet]. 2018