Volume : 13, Issue : 04, April – 2026

Title:

OUTCOMES OF ACUTE ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS IN PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Authors :

Bayan mohammed Almehmadi, Alia Ahmed Al Ahmed, Saad Ali alduri

Abstract :

Acute asthma exacerbations are among the most common causes of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits worldwide and represent a significant contributor to morbidity in children. This systematic review aims to evaluate clinical outcomes of acute asthma exacerbations in pediatric ED settings, including hospitalization rates, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, relapse rates, and treatment response. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Studies involving children aged 0–18 years presenting with acute asthma exacerbations were included.
A total of 20 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews. Findings indicate that outcomes vary depending on disease severity, timeliness of treatment, and adherence to clinical guidelines. Hospitalization rates ranged from 10% to 30%, while ICU admissions were reported in 2%–5% of severe cases. Early administration of bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids significantly improved outcomes. Factors associated with poor outcomes included delayed treatment, prior severe exacerbations, comorbidities, and socioeconomic disparities. Standardized protocols and evidence-based interventions were shown to reduce morbidity and improve recovery.
In conclusion, acute asthma exacerbations in pediatric EDs are associated with significant morbidity but can be effectively managed with timely and guideline-based interventions. Improved risk stratification and early treatment are essential to optimize outcomes.

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