Volume : 13, Issue : 04, April – 2026

Title:

ALLERGIC RHINITIS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND EVOLVING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES-A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ARTICLE

Authors :

Kumbagalla Harshitha, Maria Anam, Kubra Aaisha Imaama, Imamuddin Ansari, Saipawan R Adepu, Chandra Sekhara Rao Baru

Abstract :

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions worldwide, affecting an estimated 400 million individuals and representing a major global public health burden. Driven by IgE-mediated immune responses to environmental allergens, AR causes significant impairment of quality of life, sleep, and occupational productivity, and frequently coexists with asthma, sinusitis, and other atopic conditions.
Objectives: This review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, special population considerations, and future directions for allergic rhinitis.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, supplemented by review of ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) guidelines, EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) position papers, and landmark randomized controlled trials published through 2024.
Findings: Intranasal corticosteroids remain the most effective first-line pharmacotherapy for moderate-to-severe AR, while second-generation antihistamines provide rapid symptomatic relief. Allergen immunotherapy offers the only disease-modifying treatment option. Emerging biologics, such as dupilumab, show promise for refractory disease. Significant unmet needs persist in long-term outcomes, patient adherence, precision medicine approaches, and management in special populations including pregnant women and the elderly.
Conclusions: A stepwise, individualized approach integrating allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy remains optimal. Advances in molecular allergy diagnostics and biologic therapies are reshaping the AR treatment landscape. Future research must prioritize precision medicine frameworks, long-term immunotherapy optimization, and enhanced patient education platforms to reduce the global burden of this underrecognized condition.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Saipawan R Adepu et al., Allergic Rhinitis: Pathophysiology, Management, And Evolving Therapeutic Strategies-A Comprehensive Review Article., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(04).

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