Volume : 13, Issue : 08, August – 2026

Title:

EMERGING ANTIBIOTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Authors :

Shajith khan.S, Dr M K Sundar Sri

Abstract :

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest problems that healthcare has had to face recently. It has made the conventional antibiotics ineffective and increased the prevalence of bacteria that are multidrug-resistant. The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii makes it imperative to find newer drugs to deal with the infections. Newer antibiotics developed through recent advancements include beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors, new cephalosporins, derivatives of tetracycline, oxazolidinones, lipoglycopeptides, siderophore antibiotics, and several others. There are also some emerging strategies that could be considered as unconventional, which include bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, CRISPR antimicrobials, monoclonal antibodies, and nanotechnology.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Multidrug-resistant bacteria; Emerging antibiotics; β-lactamase inhibitors; Cefiderocol; Antimicrobial stewardship; Novel antibacterial agents; Drug resistance.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Shajith Khan.S et al., Emerging Antibiotics For The Treatment Of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections: A Narrative Review. Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(08).

REFERENCES:

1. Muteeb G, Rehman MT, Shahwan M, Aatif M. Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Nov 15;16(11):1615
2. Marino A, Maniaci A, Lentini M, Ronsivalle S, Nunnari G, Cocuzza S, Parisi FM, Cacopardo B, Lavalle S, La Via L. The Global Burden of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Epidemiologia (Basel). 2025 May 5;6(2):21
3. Machado E, Sousa JC. New Antibiotics for Treating Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Oct 5;14(10):997.
4. Tang KWK, Millar BC, Moore JE. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). Br J Biomed Sci. 2023 Jun 28;80:11387.
5. Galgano M, Pellegrini F, Catalano E, Capozzi L, Del Sambro L, Sposato A, Lucente MS, Vasinioti VI, Catella C, Odigie AE, et al. Acquired Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics and Resistance Genes: From Past to Future. Antibiotics. 2025; 14(3):222
6. Nazir A, Nazir A, Zuhair V, Aman S, Sadiq SUR, Hasan AH, Tariq M, Rehman LU, Mustapha MJ, Bulimbe DB. The Global Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance: Mechanisms, Case Studies, and Mitigation Approaches. Health Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 23;8(7):e71077.
7. Reygaert WC. An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria. AIMS Microbiol. 2018 Jun 26;4(3):482-501.
8. Temesgen AB, Shiferaw SA. Antimicrobial Multidrug Resistance and Mechanisms of Action: An Overview. Biomed Res Int. 2025 Nov 25;2025:8847267.
9. Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Apr;4(2):10.1128/microbiolspec.VMBF-0016-2015.
10. Lopatkin AJ, Sysoeva TA, You L. Dissecting the effects of antibiotics on horizontal gene transfer: Analysis suggests a critical role of selection dynamics. Bioessays. 2016 Dec;38(12):1283-1292
11. Ali Alghamdi B, Al-Johani I, Al-Shamrani JM, Musamed Alshamrani H, Al-Otaibi BG, Almazmomi K, Yusnoraini Yusof N. Antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2023 Apr;30(4):103604.
12. Ibrahim S, Al-Saryi N, Al-Kadmy IMS, Aziz SN. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an emerging concern in hospitals. Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Oct;48(10):6987-6998
13. Chavada J, Muneshwar KN, Ghulaxe Y, Wani M, Sarda PP, Huse S. Antibiotic Resistance: Challenges and Strategies in Combating Infections. Cureus. 2023 Sep 26;15(9):e46013
14. Yahav D, Giske CG, Grāmatniece A, Abodakpi H, Tam VH, Leibovici L. New β-Lactam-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020 Nov 11;34(1):e00115-20. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00115-20. Erratum in: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021 Jan 27;34(2):e00021-21
15. Koulenti D, Xu E, Song A, Sum Mok IY, Karageorgopoulos DE, Armaganidis A, Tsiodras S, Lipman J. Emerging Treatment Options for Infections by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Microorganisms. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(2):191
16. Ito A, Nishikawa T, Matsumoto S, Yoshizawa H, Sato T, Nakamura R, Tsuji M, Yamano Y. Siderophore Cephalosporin Cefiderocol Utilizes Ferric Iron Transporter Systems for Antibacterial Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7396-7401.
17. Venuti F, Romani L, De Luca M, Tripiciano C, Palma P, Chiriaco M, Finocchi A, Lancella L. Novel Beta Lactam Antibiotics for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in Children: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(7):1798
18. Durkin MJ, Corey GR. New developments in the management of severe skin and deep skin structure infections – focus on tedizolid. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015 May 22;11:857-62.
19. Lin DM, Koskella B, Lin HC. Phage therapy: An alternative to antibiotics in the age of multi-drug resistance. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Aug 6;8(3):162-173.
20. Latif A, Shehzad A, Niazi S, Zahid A, Ashraf W, Iqbal MW, Rehman A, Riaz T, Aadil RM, Khan IM, Özogul F, Rocha JM, Esatbeyoglu T, Korma SA. Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries. Front Microbiol. 2023 Aug 17;14:1216674. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216674. Erratum in: Front Microbiol. 2024 Feb 14;15:1378225.
21. Muteeb G, Rehman MT, Shahwan M, Aatif M. Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16(11):1615.
22. Sharma S, Chauhan A, Ranjan A, Mathkor DM, Haque S, Ramniwas S, Tuli HS, Jindal T, Yadav V. Emerging challenges in antimicrobial resistance: implications for pathogenic microorganisms, novel antibiotics, and their impact on sustainability. Front Microbiol. 2024 Apr 29;15:1403168
23. Giacobbe DR, Grossi AA, Bassetti M, de la Fuente-Nunez C. The Future of Antibiotics and Artificial Intelligence: Some Thoughts from Discovery to Bedside. Infect Dis Ther. 2026 Feb;15(2):461-475.

Volume : 13, Issue : 08, August – 2026

Title:

EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS IN RATS

Authors :

Chinthala Jamima*, Dr.R.narasimha Rao, Dr.N. Raghunandhan

Abstract :

Obesity and hyperlipidemia have become major disorders predominantly causing prevailing cardiovascular diseases and ultimately death. The prolonged use of anti-obesity drugs and statins for reducing obesity and blood lipid levels is leading toward adverse effects of kidneys and muscles, specifically rhabdomyolysis. The objective of this study is to evaluate potential of seeds of Sapindus emarginatus against hyperlipidemia. In this model of Hyperlipidemia, 30 adult male wistar rats (200-250gms) were evenly divided into 5 groups in both groups. Group-1 and Group-2 served as untreated and model controls respectively, while Group-3, 4 and 5 were the treatments groups which were simultaneously treated with standard, 100 and 200 mg/kg extract respectively along with High Fat Diet. On last day, blood samples for biochemical parameters, were obtained under inhaled diether anaesthesia. The outcomes of this study were expressed as mean standard error and data were evaluated by using analysis of variance followed by multiple comparisons. Oral administration of 100 mg/ kg and 200mg/kg body weight of Methanolic extract residual fraction of Moringa oleifera. Leaves exhibited a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in serum lipid parameters such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL and increase in high density lipoprotein in hyperlipidemic rats when compared with hyperlipidemic control in both models. Our results demonstrated that Methanolic extract fraction of Sesbania grandiflora. Possessed significant antihyperlipidemic activity.
Keywords: Sesbania grandiflora, Cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and antihyperlipidemic activity.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Chinthala Jamimaet al., Evaluation of Antihyperlipidemic activity of Sapindus Emarginatus in rats,, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(08).

REFERENCES:

1. Amit G, Vandana S, Sidharth M. HYPERLIPIDEMIA: An Updated Review. Inter J of Biopharma & Toxicol Res 2011;1:81-89.
2. Virchow RP, Thrombose IG. In Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medicin. Frankfurt-am-Main, Meidinger Sohn & Company 1856, S 458-564.
3. Ankur rohilla, Nidhi Dagar, Seema Rohilla, Amarjeet Dahiya, Ashok Kushnoor. HYPERLIPIDEMIA- a deadly pathological condition. Inter J Curr Pharma Res 2012;4:15-18
4. Ross R, Glomset JA. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med 1976;295:369-77.
5. Grundy SM, Vega GL. Hypertriglyceridemia: causes and relation to coronary heart disease – Semin. Thromb. Hemost 1988;14:249-64.
6. Dargel R. Lipoproteins and the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Zentralbl Allg Pathol 1989; 135: 501-504.