Volume : 13, Issue : 06, June – 2026

Title:

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MIGRAINE: EVOLUTION, DIAGNOSTICS, BIOMARKERS, AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCEMENTS

Authors :

Jismi Jackson, Dr. T. Tamilselvan, Asika Dileep, Athira Sajeev, Betty George, Honey Mariya Babu, Kadeejathul Hana K P, Nimitha K Rajan

Abstract :

Migraine is a very common, complicated neurovascular condition that seriously impairs people all over the world. Emerging evolutionary models indicate that migraine attacks function as a conserved protective mechanism when environmental stressors exceed a physiological threshold, resulting in pain and sickness behaviour that necessitates a complete reduction in activity to enable a metabolically vulnerable, hyper-excitable brain to restore its homeostatic energy reserves. This goes beyond a straightforward sensory defect. This narrative review connects evolutionary biology, unique clinical characteristics, precise circulating biomarkers, and cutting-edge therapeutics to present a succinct, multifaceted overview of migraine therapy. A total of thirty seminal publications were methodically chosen and incorporated based on clinical significance after a thorough search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases for peer-reviewed review articles, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines published up until 2026. The information gained shows that targeted molecular preventatives (such as anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies) must be combined with lifestyle nutraceuticals (like magnesium), physical therapy, and patient-centred communication in order to provide modern migraine management. In this multidisciplinary matrix, the clinical pharmacist is essential for therapeutic drug monitoring, medication reconciliation, and enforcing stringent guidelines to prevent medication overuse headaches (MOH). Additionally, by screening for cardiovascular contraindications and limiting the use of oestrogen-containing contraceptives in high-risk female patients, pharmacists reduce the risk of long-term ischemic stroke. In order to maximize clinical outcomes and enhance overall quality of life, they efficiently assess the cost-effectiveness of cutting-edge biological treatments, manage localized injection-site adverse effects, and optimize long-term patient adherence to innovative therapies by proactive counselling.
KEYWORDS: Migraine Pathophysiology, Evolutionary Biology, Trigeminovascular System, Circulating Biomarkers, Cortical Hyperexcitability, Targeted Anti-CGRP Therapeutics

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Jismi Jackson et al., Comprehensive Review Of Migraine: Evolution, Diagnostics, Biomarkers, And Therapeutic Advancements, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(06).

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