Volume : 13, Issue : 06, June – 2026
Title:
THYROID HORMONE DEFICIENCY’S SYSTEMIC IMPACT: A CROSS-SPECIES COMPARISON OF HYPOTHYROID COMPLICATIONS IN VETERINARY AND HUMAN MEDICINE
Authors :
Fathimath Safa, Honey Mariya Babu, Kadeejathul Hana K.P, Rincy K Geevarghese, Mrs. Vineetha S, Dr. T. Tamilselvan
Abstract :
A common endocrine condition called hypothyroidism is characterized by inadequate thyroid hormone synthesis, which causes metabolic processes to slow down globally. Although weight gain, tiredness, and cold sensitivity are its traditional manifestations, its systemic effects are multi-organcentric and transcend species boundaries. By combining clinical and experimental data from thirty groundbreaking studies, this study offers a thorough comparative review of hypothyroid consequences in both human and veterinary populations.
Thyroid hormone insufficiency has a serious systemic effect on several essential physiological systems. Secondary cephalalgias, proximal muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathies, and uncommon presentations such as Hoffmann’s syndrome are examples of neurological and neuromuscular symptoms in both people and dogs. Reduced cardiac output, impaired diastolic relaxation, congestive heart failure, and an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism are examples of extremely sensitive cardiovascular problems. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that maternal hypothyroidism causes delayed language development in offspring and adversely affects fetal cardiac functioning features.
Reproductive dysfunction is similar in all species, resulting in altered estrous cycles, reduced periparturient success in breeding bitches, severe menstrual irregularities, and poor follicular reserves in humans and rodents. Similar impairments are seen in the gastrointestinal and renal filtration rates; hypothyroid canines have a significant increase in Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations, while human populations exhibit reduced esophageal motility and chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, in rodent models of acute toxic liver lesions, metabolic downregulation exhibits an unexpected protective effect. Chronic insufficiency also impairs surgical results in trauma patients and modifies oncological risk profiles. Iatrogenic hypothyroidism after radioactive iodine therapy dramatically shortens life expectancy in feline medicine, especially when renal azotemia is present. Oral levothyroxine replacement therapy continues to be the most effective treatment for all animals, effectively curing multi-organ diseases, reestablishing systemic homeostasis, and returning lipid and renal biomarkers to normal. In the end, this review highlights how a “One Health” approach to clinical endocrinology is translational.
KEYWORDS: Iatrogenic hypothyroidism, myopathy, reproductive dysfunction, Levothyroxine, Hoffmann’s syndrome, One Health, Comparative Endocrinology, Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA), and Cross-Species Comparison.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Fathimath Safa et al., Thyroid Hormone Deficiency’s Systemic Impact: A Cross-Species Comparison Of Hypothyroid Complications In Veterinary And Human Medicine, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(06).
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