Volume : 13, Issue : 03, March – 2026
Title:
POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES FOR ORAL, PARENTERAL, AND TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY: DESIGN PRINCIPLES, PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION, AND TRANSLATIONAL CHALLENGES
Authors :
Vaishnavi Anil Nale, Dhanashree Sharad Nikam, Pol Dipali Balu, Mujawar suhana salim*, Dr. Rahul ishwara jadhav
Abstract :
Polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a versatile and scientifically robust platform for advanced drug delivery across oral, parenteral, and transdermal routes. Their structural adaptability, tunable degradation behavior, and surface modification capability allow precise control over drug release kinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic performance. Conventional dosage forms often face limitations such as poor solubility, first-pass metabolism, systemic toxicity, and restricted barrier penetration. Polymeric nanoparticles address these challenges through controlled release, enhanced bioavailability, targeted delivery, and improved safety profiles.
This review comprehensively examines the fundamental aspects of polymeric nanoparticles, including structural classification into nanospheres and nanocapsules, polymer selection criteria, and preparation methodologies such as emulsion–solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, ionic gelation, and microfluidic techniques. Route-specific considerations are discussed in detail, highlighting systemic barriers in parenteral delivery, skin barrier constraints in transdermal systems, and physiological challenges associated with oral administration. Design optimization strategies including Quality by Design principles, identification of critical quality attributes and process parameters, application of statistical experimental design, and establishment of in vitro–in vivo correlation are elaborated to emphasize translational relevance. Furthermore, stability enhancement strategies such as lyophilization, cryoprotection, and long-term storage optimization are analyzed to address shelf-life and scalability concerns. Clinical applications in oncology, hormone therapy, vaccine delivery, and gene therapy demonstrate the expanding therapeutic potential of polymeric nanoparticles. Despite promising advancements, challenges related to immune recognition, manufacturing reproducibility, and regulatory standardization remain critical considerations for successful clinical translation.
Overall, polymeric nanoparticles represent a strategically engineered drug delivery system capable of overcoming biological barriers and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Continued integration of mechanistic understanding with quality-based development frameworks will accelerate their transition from laboratory research to clinical application.
Keywords: Polymeric nanoparticles; oral drug delivery; parenteral delivery; transdermal delivery; controlled release; targeted delivery; Quality by Design; critical quality attributes; in vitro–in vivo correlation; stability enhancement; nanomedicine; biodegradability; drug delivery systems.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press Mujawar suhana salim et al., Polymeric Nanoparticles For Oral, Parenteral, And Transdermal Drug Delivery: Design Principles, Performance Optimization, And Translational Challenges., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(03).
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