Volume : 13, Issue : 05, May – 2026
Title:
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NICKEL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ITS BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors :
S Kowsalya and Dr. M. Senthilraja,
Abstract :
Exactly regulate the size of particles, nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were produced by the co-precipitation method. This technique generated NiO nanoparticles crystalline in nature through the precipitation of nickel salts in a basic medium and heating. Characterization was done using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) (EDAX). The synthesis of oxide nanoparticles was effectively done as FTIR spectra showed the formation of Ni–O bonds and the presence of surface-bound functional groups in the form of characteristic absorption bands. SEM images showed the presence of nanoscale particles with homogeneous size distribution and mainly spherical morphology; there was not a lot of aggregation observed, indicating the presence of favorable conditions of synthesis.
The identification of the elemental composition further facilitated by EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of nickel and oxygen in the desired ratio and showed that there were not any significant impurities. The biological evaluation consisted of tests for cytotoxicity, antioxidants and antimicrobials. NiO nanoparticles exhibited high antibacterial activity against all types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. They were able to harm bacterial membranes, prevent DNA replication, and disrupt essential enzymes by generating reactive oxygen species and releasing nickel ions. The potential of free radical scavenging assays to reduce oxidative stress was highlighted by their concentration-dependent antioxidant efficacy.
Numerous cell lines underwent cytotoxicity testing, which showed dose-dependent effects. Cancer cells were more sensitive than normal cells, indicating potential uses in cancer treatment. Assays for inflammatory response, protein denaturation, and hemolysis showed satisfactory biocompatibility at therapeutic nanoparticle doses.
This interdisciplinary work validates the potential biological activities of high-purity NiO nanoparticles and lays out a repeatable process for creating them with a predetermined shape. The results encourage the continued development of NiO nanoparticles as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anticancer treatments. Optimizing synthesis parameters, investigating surface changes for targeted delivery, and carrying out in vivo investigations to confirm therapeutic promise should be the main goals of future research.
Keywords: Co-precipitation, FTIR-SEM-EDAX, cytotoxicity, antioxidant qualities, antibacterial activity, nickel oxide nanoparticles, and biocompatibility.
Cite This Article:
Please cite this article in press S Kowsalya et al Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Evaluation Of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles For Its Biological Studies., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(05).
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