15.Issue 10 october 26 - INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Volume : 13, Issue : 10, October – 2026

Title:

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF LEAF EXTRACT OF PINUS LONGIFOLIA

Authors :

Bhimanani Rishika*, S. Sunayana

Abstract :

The technique improves patient compliance by reducing both dose and the frequency of administration and thus minimizing the local as well as systemic toxic effects. The aim of the present research work was to of Methanolic extracts of Nymphaea stellata in the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg were used in Wistar rats of either sex. Were measured by standard biochemical methods. Silymarin (500 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug for assessment of Anti-Microbial status. When compared with the standard Anti-Microbial agent Ciprofloxacin, The antibacterial activity of these prepared nanoparticles against pathogenic bacterium has shown.
The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan-induced paw edema rat. The results demonstrated that Nymphaea stellata is effective for both acute and chronic inflammation. Thus, these results have suggested that Nymphaea stellata possesses anti-inflammatory activities.
keywords: – Anti-Microbial agent, anti-inflammatory activity, Nymphaea.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Bhimanani Rishika et al., Antibacterial Activity And Phytochemical Components Of Leaf Extract Of Pinus Longifolia.,. Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2026; 13(10).

REFERENCES:

1. B. Nitha, A.B. Remashree and Indira Balachandran. Antibacterial Activity Of Some Selected Indian Medicinal Plants. IJPSR, 2012; Vol. 3(7): 2038-2042.
2. Chaudhary G, Goyal S, Poonia P. Lawsonia inermis Linnaeus: A Phytopharmacological Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2010; 2(2): 91-98.
3. Goyal BR, Goyal RK, Mehta AA. Phyto-Pharmacognosy of Archyranthes aspera: A Review. Pharmacognosy Reviews 2008; 1:1.
4. Cragg GM, Newman DJ, Sander KM. Natural products in drug discovery and development. Journal of Natual Products 1997; 60:52-60.
5. Dean DA, Burchard KW. Fungal infection in surgical patients. American Journal of Surgery 1996; 171: 374-382.
6. Gonzalez CE, Venzon D, Lee S et al. Risk factors for fungemia in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a case control study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1996; 23: 515-521.
7. VaghasiyaY, Chanda SV Screening of Methanol and Acetone Extracts of Fourteen Indian Medicinal Plants for Antimicrobial Activity. Turkish Journal of Biology 2007; 31:243-248.
8. Soulsby EJ. Resistance to antimicrobials in humans and animals. Britsh Journal of Medicine 2005; 331: 1219-1220.
9. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1999; 12: 564-82.
10. Udayan PS, Balachandran I: Medicinal Plants of Arya Vaidya Sala Herb Garden. Department of Publication Arya Vaidya Sala, Firt Edition 2009.
11. Tirtha SS, “The Ayurveda Encyclopedia-Natural Secrets to Healing, Prevention and Longevity”, 2007.
12. S. Chaudhari, N. Shaikh, “Gaduchi-the best ayurvedic herb”, The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2(4), 97-102, 2013. International Journal of Scientific Research and Review Volume 7, Issue 12, 2018 ISSN NO: 2279-543X Page No: 593.
13. U. Spandana, S.L. Ali, T. Nirmala, M. Santhi, S.D. SipaiBabu , “A Review on Tinosporacordifolia”, International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research, 4(2), 61-68, 2013.
14. KN. Aiyer, M. Kolammal, Pharmacognosy of Ayuevedic Drugs, Series 1. 1st ed Trivendram, The centeral Research institute, 1963.
15. KR. Kirtikar and BD. Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants. Second Edition, International Book Distributers, Dehradun, 2005.
16. Database on Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda, Vol. 3, CCRAS, Reprint, New Delhi, 2005.
17. KM. Nadkarni KM, AK. Nadkarni, Indian Materia Medica. Popular Prakashan Private Limited Mumbai, 3, 1976.
18. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD Indian medicinal plant (2nd ed). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, vol I, 499–502, 1975.
19. Perez C, Paul M, Bazerque P. An Antibiotic assay by the agar well diffusion method. ActaBio Medica Exp 1990; 15: 113-115.
20. Westh H, Zinn CS, Rosdahl VT, Sarisa Study Group. An international multicenter study of antimicrobial consumption and resistance in S. aureus isolates from 15 hospitals in 14 countries. Microbial Drug Resistance. 2004. 10:169 -176.
21. Shariff ZU. Modern Herbal Therapy for Common Ailments. Nature Pharamcy Series. Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria in Association with Safari Books (Export) Ltd. UK, Vol.1,2001: 9-84.
22. Parekh J and Chanda S Antibacterial and phytochemical studies on twelve species of Indian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biomedical Research 2007; 10: 175 – 181.
23. Srinivasan D, Nathan S, Suresh T, Perumalaswamy O. Antimicrobial activity of certain Indian Medicinal Plants used in folkloric medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmocology 2001; 74: 217-220.
24. Mayers D.L., Lerner S.A., Ouelette M. vol. 2. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg; London: 2009. (Antimicrobial Drug Resistance C: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects). pp. 681–1347.
25. Jorgensen J.H., Ferraro M.J. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a review of general principles and contemporary practices. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2009;49:1749–1755.
26. Caron F. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing : a four facets tool for the clinician. J. Des. Anti-Infect. 2012;14 186-174.
27. Nijs A., Cartuyvels R., Mewis A. Comparison and evaluation of Osiris and Sirscan 2000 antimicrobial susceptibility systems in the clinical microbiology laboratory. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003;41:3627–3630.
28. Denes É., Hidri N. Synergie et Antagonisme en Antibiothérapie. Antibiotiques. 2009;11:106–115.
29. Sharma S. et al “Topical Drug Delivery System”available from http://www.pharmainfo.net/ accessed on 12/07/2015.
30. Laithy HM. and El shaboury KMF. The development of Cutina Lipogels and gel microemulsion for topical administration of fluconazole. Ame Pharm Sci. PharmSciTech. 2003; 3:10 25.
31. Kshirsagar N A. Drug Delivery Systems. Ind. J. Pharmacol. 2000; 32:S54- S61.
32. Dadwal Meenakshi, emulgel: a novel approach to topical drug delivery International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 4 (2013), 847-856.
33. Rashmi M. Topical gel: A review august vol. 2008; available from http:// www.pharmainfo.com
34. Sharma S. Topical preparations are used for the localized effects at the site of their application by virtue of drug penetration into the underlying layers of skin or mucous membranes. Pharmaceutical reviews 2008; 6:1.
35. Stanos SP. Topical Agents for the Management of Musculoskeletal Pain .J Pain Symptom Manage March 2007; 33.
36. Jain A, Deveda P, Vyas N, Chauhan J et al. Development Of Antifungal Emulsion Based Gel For Topical Fungal Infection(S). IJPRD 2011; 2(12).
37. Bruton L, Keith P, Blumenthal D, Buxton Z. Goodman & Gillman’s Manual of Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Mc Graw’s Hill. 2008. pp.1086-1094.
38. Cecv G. Preclinical characterisation of NSAIDs in ultradeformable carriers or conventional topical gels. International journal of pharmaceutics; 2008.
39. Bhoyar N, Giri T.K, Tripathi D.K, Alexender .A and Ajazuddin: Recent advances in novel drug delivery system through gels: review, J. Pharm. allied health sci, 2012, 2(2), 21-39.
40. Khullar Rachit,Saini S, Seth N and Rana A C:Emulgels: A surrogate approach for topically used hydrophobic drugs,IJPBS, 2011, 1 (3), 117-128.
41. Prajapati Mehulkumar N, Patel M R, Patel K R & Patel N M:Emulgels: a novel approach to topical drug delivery, IJUPBS, 2013, 2(1), 134- 148.
42. Joshi baibhav, Singh Gurpreet, Rana A C, Saini Seema & Singla Vikas: Emulgel: A comprehensive review on recent advancement on topical drug delivery, IRJP, 2011, 2(11).